Like other user groups, people experiencing homelessness utilize parks and other public spaces for a variety of reasons, including recreation/leisure, physical activity, socializing, and to enjoy time in nature. However, unlike other user groups, unhoused park users also often rely on parks as a setting to engage in a variety of necessary metabolic and biophysical functions. Despite the centrality of these places to both unhoused and housed members of the public, there is little research focused on managing them for equitable outcomes between these two groups. We situate our work in this context, and specifically apply intergroup conflict as a framework for our analysis and discussion. Our results indicate that housed park users felt both interpersonal and social values conflict related to specific scenarios involving unhoused users. In general, those with more negative attitudes towards people experiencing homelessness were more likely to report conflict with unhoused park users. The greatest levels of conflict were perceived in the context of non-normative park use by unhoused users (activities that would be unacceptable by any user group). We suggest a variety of passive and active management strategies to reduce perceived conflict between unhoused and housed park users, including specific zoning, amenities, enforcement, and educational strategies.

中文翻译：

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公园和公共绿地中无家可归的用户：群体间冲突方法


与其他用户群体一样，无家可归者出于各种原因利用公园和其他公共空间，包括娱乐/休闲、体育活动、社交以及享受大自然的时光。然而，与其他用户群体不同，无人居住的公园用户也经常依赖公园作为进行各种必要的代谢和生物物理功能的场所。尽管这些地方对于无家可归和有住房的公众来说都处于中心地位，但很少有研究关注于管理它们以实现这两个群体之间的公平结果。我们将我们的工作置于这样的背景下，并专门应用群体间冲突作为我们分析和讨论的框架。我们的结果表明，有住房的公园用户感到与涉及无住房用户的特定场景相关的人际和社会价值观冲突。一般来说，那些对无家可归者持更消极态度的人更有可能报告与无家可归的公园使用者发生冲突。最严重的冲突发生在无家可归的用户不规范地使用公园的情况下（任何用户群体都无法接受的活动）。我们建议采取各种被动和主动管理策略，以减少无住房和有住房公园用户之间的冲突，包括具体的分区、便利设施、执法和教育策略。