Birth cohort studies have shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with all-cause mortality. The effect of ACEs on premature mortality among working-age people is less clear and may differ between the genders. In this prospective population study, we investigated the association of ACEs with all-cause mortality in a working-age population. In a representative Finnish population study, Health 2000, individuals aged 30 to 64 years were interviewed in 2000, and their deaths were registered until 2020. At baseline, the participants ( = 4981, 2624 females) completed a questionnaire that included 11 questions on ACEs and questions on tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse, self-reported health and sufficiency of income. All-cause mortality was analysed by Cox regression analysis. Of the ACEs, financial difficulties, parental unemployment and individual's own chronic illness were associated with mortality. High number (4+) of ACEs was significantly associated with all-cause mortality in females (HR 2.11, < 0.001), not in males. Poor health behaviour, self-reported health and low income were the major predictors of mortality in both genders. When the effects of these factors were controlled, childhood family conflicts associated with mortality in both genders. Among working-age people, females seem to be sensitive to the effects of numerous adverse childhood experiences, exhibiting higher premature all-cause mortality. Of the individual ACEs, family conflicts may increase risk of premature mortality in both genders. The effect of ACEs on premature mortality may partly be mediated via poor adult health behaviour and low socioeconomic status. In birth cohort studies, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with all-cause mortality. In working-age people, the association of ACEs with premature mortality is less clear and may differ between the genders. In working-age people, high number of ACEs associate with all-cause premature mortality in females, not in males. The effect of ACEs on premature mortality may partly be mediated via poor adult health behaviour, self-reported health and low socioeconomic status.

中文翻译：

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不良童年经历与过早死亡之间关联的性别差异：一项前瞻性人口研究


出生队列研究表明，不良童年经历（ACE）与全因死亡率相关。 ACE 对工作年龄人群过早死亡的影响尚不清楚，并且可能因性别而异。在这项前瞻性人口研究中，我们调查了 ACE 与工作年龄人群全因死亡率的关联。在一项具有代表性的芬兰人口研究《健康 2000》中，2000 年对 30 至 64 岁的个体进行了访谈，并登记了他们的死亡情况，直至 2020 年。在基线时，参与者（= 4,981 名，2,624 名女性）完成了一份调查问卷，其中包括 11 个问题有关 ACE 的问题以及有关吸烟、酗酒、自我报告的健康状况和足够的收入的问题。通过Cox回归分析来分析全因死亡率。在 ACE 中，经济困难、父母失业和个人自身的慢性病与死亡率相关。大量 (4+) ACE 与女性的全因死亡率显着相关（HR 2.11，< 0.001），而与男性无关。不良的健康行为、自我报告的健康状况和低收入是两性死亡率的主要预测因素。当这些因素的影响得到控制时，童年家庭冲突与男女死亡率都有关联。在工作年龄的人群中，女性似乎对许多不良童年经历的影响很敏感，表现出较高的过早全因死亡率。在个别 ACE 中，家庭冲突可能会增加男女过早死亡的风险。 ACE 对过早死亡的影响可能部分是通过不良的成人健康行为和低社会经济地位介导的。在出生队列研究中，不良童年经历（ACE）与全因死亡率相关。 在工作年龄的人群中，ACE 与过早死亡的关系不太明确，并且不同性别之间可能存在差异。在工作年龄人群中，大量 ACE 与女性（而非男性）的全因过早死亡相关。 ACE 对过早死亡的影响可能部分是通过不良的成人健康行为、自我报告的健康状况和较低的社会经济地位来介导的。