Weaning is a critical transitional point in the life cycle of piglets. Early weaning can lead to post-weaning syndrome, destroy the intestinal barrier function and microbiota homeostasis, cause diarrhea and threaten the health of piglets. The nutritional components of milk and solid foods consumed by newborn animals can affect the diversity and structure of their intestinal microbiota, and regulate post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects and mechanisms of different nutrients, including protein, dietary fiber, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance, on diarrhea and health of piglets by regulating intestinal function. Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth of piglets; however, excessive intake will cause many harmful effects, such as allergic reactions, intestinal barrier dysfunction and pathogenic growth, eventually aggravating piglet diarrhea. Dietary fiber is a nutrient that alleviates post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, which is related to its promotion of intestinal epithelial integrity, microbial homeostasis and the production of short-chain fatty acids. In addition, dietary fatty acids and dietary electrolyte balance can also facilitate the growth, function and health of piglets by regulating intestinal epithelial function, immune system and microbiota. Thus, a targeted control of dietary components to promote the establishment of a healthy bacterial community is a significant method for preventing nutritional diarrhea in weaned piglets.

中文翻译：

---

仔猪日粮营养、肠道菌群失调和断奶后腹泻


断奶是仔猪生命周期的关键过渡点。过早断奶会导致断奶后综合症，破坏肠道屏障功能和微生物群稳态，引起腹泻，威胁仔猪健康。新生动物消耗的牛奶和固体食物的营养成分可以影响其肠道微生物群的多样性和结构，并调节仔猪断奶后腹泻。因此，本文综述了蛋白质、膳食纤维、膳食脂肪酸和膳食电解质平衡等不同营养素通过调节肠道功能对仔猪腹泻和健康的影响和机制。蛋白质是仔猪生长必需的营养素；但过量摄入会引起过敏反应、肠道屏障功能障碍和病原菌生长等多种有害作用，最终加重仔猪腹泻。膳食纤维是缓解仔猪断奶后腹泻的营养素，这与其促进肠上皮完整性、微生物稳态和短链脂肪酸的产生有关。此外，日粮脂肪酸和日粮电解质平衡还可以通过调节肠上皮功能、免疫系统和微生物群来促进仔猪的生长、功能和健康。因此，有针对性地控制日粮成分，促进健康细菌群落的建立，是预防断奶仔猪营养性腹泻的重要方法。