Increasing ocean temperature will speed up physiological rates of ectotherms. In fish, this is suggested to cause earlier spawning due to faster oocyte growth rates. Over time, this could cause spawning time to become decoupled from the timing of offspring food resources, a phenomenon referred to as trophic asynchrony. We used biological data, including body length, age, and gonad developmental stages collected from >125,000 individual Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) sampled between 59 and 73° N in 1980–2019. Combined with experimental data on oocyte growth rates, our analyses show that cod spawned progressively earlier by about a week per decade, partly due to ocean warming. It also appears that spawning time varied by more than 40 days, depending on year and spawning location. The significant plasticity in spawning time seems to be fine‐tuned to the local phytoplankton spring bloom phenology. This ability to partly overcome thermal drivers and thus modulate spawning time could allow individuals to maximize fitness by closely tracking local environmental conditions important for offspring survival. Our finding highlights a new dimension for trophic match–mismatch and should be an important consideration in models used to predict phenology dynamics in a warmer climate.

中文翻译：

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产卵鱼在超越热驱动因素的时间和空间上保持营养同步


海洋温度升高将加快变温动物的生理速率。在鱼类中，由于卵母细胞生长速度较快，这可能会导致较早产卵。随着时间的推移，这可能会导致产卵时间与后代食物资源的时间脱钩，这种现象被称为营养异步。我们使用了从超过 125,000 条东北北极鳕鱼个体中收集的生物数据，包括体长、年龄和性腺发育阶段（鳕鱼）于 1980 年至 2019 年在北纬 59 至 73° 之间采样。结合卵母细胞生长率的实验数据，我们的分析表明，鳕鱼的产卵时间每十年提前一周左右，部分原因是海洋变暖。产卵时间似乎也有 40 多天的差异，具体取决于年份和产卵地点。产卵时间的显着可塑性似乎与当地浮游植物春季开花物候进行了微调。这种部分克服热驱动因素并从而调节产卵时间的能力可以使个体通过密切跟踪对后代生存重要的当地环境条件来最大化适应性。我们的发现强调了营养匹配-不匹配的新维度，并且应该成为用于预测气候变暖下物候动态的模型的重要考虑因素。