Abstract

Lime-based materials are found in archaeological contexts across many world regions. The earliest evidence of lime production was discovered in the Levant dating to about 16,000 cal BP. Methods for transforming limestone, shells, and corals into slaked lime varied depending on region, culture, and period. Similarly, the use of lime had an extensive variation of applications such as hafting, plastering, mortars, flooring, plastering skulls, decorating, and making frescos. Each step of the lime production process—from raw materials sourcing to the mixing of finished materials—results in specific archaeological assemblages, each capable of delivering critical insight into the knowledge of the people who created them. Here, we review approaches and methodologies used to analyze each production step, and, specifically, those targeting raw materials selection and firing conditions. For investigating effectively raw materials selection and firing conditions of archaeological lime-based materials, we propose a methodological approach based on the integration of petrography and Fourier transform infrared microscopy (mFTIR) that uses chemical and mineralogical reference libraries prepared using experimental lime produced with provenienced raw materials.

中文翻译：

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考古石灰生产分析方法综述：研究原材料选择和烧成条件

摘要

在世界许多地区的考古环境中都发现了石灰基材料。最早的石灰生产证据是在黎凡特发现的，距今约 16,000 年。将石灰石、贝壳和珊瑚转化为熟石灰的方法因地区、文化和时期而异。同样，石灰的用途也很广泛，例如装饰、抹灰、砂浆、地板、给头骨抹灰、装饰和制作壁画。石灰生产过程的每一步——从原材料采购到成品材料的混合——都会产生特定的考古组合，每个组合都能够为创造它们的人们提供批判性的见解。在这里，我们回顾了用于分析每个生产步骤的方法和方法，特别是针对原材料选择和烧制条件的方法和方法。为了有效研究考古石灰基材料的原材料选择和烧制条件，我们提出了一种基于岩相学和傅里叶变换红外显微镜 (mFTIR) 相结合的方法，该方法使用使用经过验证的原料生产的实验石灰制备的化学和矿物学参考库。材料。