Phase change materials (PCMs) offer a promising solution to address the challenges posed by intermittency and fluctuations in solar thermal utilization. However, for organic solid–liquid PCMs, issues such as leakage, low thermal conductivity, lack of efficient solar-thermal media, and flammability have constrained their broad applications. Herein, we present an innovative class of versatile composite phase change materials (CPCMs) developed through a facile and environmentally friendly synthesis approach, leveraging the inherent anisotropy and unidirectional porosity of wood aerogel (nanowood) to support polyethylene glycol (PEG). The wood modification process involves the incorporation of phytic acid (PA) and MXene hybrid structure through an evaporation-induced assembly method, which could impart non-leaking PEG filling while concurrently facilitating thermal conduction, light absorption, and flame-retardant. Consequently, the as-prepared wood-based CPCMs showcase enhanced thermal conductivity (0.82 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, about 4.6 times than PEG) as well as high latent heat of 135.5 kJ kg⁻¹ (91.5% encapsulation) with thermal durability and stability throughout at least 200 heating and cooling cycles, featuring dramatic solar-thermal conversion efficiency up to 98.58%. In addition, with the synergistic effect of phytic acid and MXene, the flame-retardant performance of the CPCMs has been significantly enhanced, showing a self-extinguishing behavior. Moreover, the excellent electromagnetic shielding of 44.45 dB was endowed to the CPCMs, relieving contemporary health hazards associated with electromagnetic waves. Overall, we capitalize on the exquisite wood cell structure with unidirectional transport inherent in the development of multifunctional CPCMs, showcasing the operational principle through a proof-of-concept prototype system.

相变材料（PCM）为解决太阳能热利用的间歇性和波动性带来的挑战提供了一种有前景的解决方案。然而，对于有机固液相变材料来说，泄漏、导热系数低、缺乏高效的光热介质和易燃性等问题限制了其广泛应用。在此，我们提出了一种创新的多功能复合相变材料（CPCM），该材料通过简便且环保的合成方法开发，利用木材气凝胶（纳米木材）固有的各向异性和单向孔隙率来支持聚乙二醇（PEG）。木材改性过程涉及通过蒸发诱导组装方法掺入植酸（PA）和MXene混合结构，这可以赋予不泄漏的PEG填充，同时促进导热、光吸收和阻燃。因此，所制备的木质CPCM表现出增强的导热性（0.82 W m ^-1  K ^-1，约为PEG的4.6倍）以及135.5 kJ kg ^-1（91.5%封装）的高潜热和热耐久性。在至少 200 个加热和冷却循环中保持稳定，具有高达 98.58% 的惊人的光热转换效率。此外，在植酸和MXene的协同作用下，CPCM的阻燃性能显着增强，表现出自熄行为。此外，CPCM还具有44.45 dB的优异电磁屏蔽性能，缓解了当代电磁波带来的健康危害。总的来说，我们利用了多功能 CPCM 开发中固有的精致的木质细胞结构和单向传输，通过概念验证原型系统展示了其工作原理。