In actinide systems, the 5f electrons experience a uniquely delicate balance of effects and interactions having similar energy scales, which are often difficult to properly disentangle. This interplay of factors such as the dual nature of 5f-states, strong electronic correlations, and strong spin–orbit coupling results in electronically unusual and intriguing behavior such as multi-k antiferromagnetic ordering, multipolar ordering, Mott-physics, mixed valence configurations, and more. Despite the inherent allure of their exotic properties, the exploratory science of even the more basic, binary systems like the actinide oxides has been limited due to their toxicity, radioactivity, and reactivity. In this article, we provide an overview of the available synthesis techniques for selected binary actinide oxides, including the actinide dioxides, sesquioxides, and a selection of higher oxides. For these oxides, we also review and evaluate the current state of knowledge of their crystal structures and magnetic properties. In many aspects, substantial knowledge gaps exist in the current body of research on actinide oxides related to understanding their electronic ground states. Bridging these gaps is vital for improving not only a fundamental understanding of these systems but also of future nuclear technologies. To this end, we note the experimental techniques and necessary future investigations which may aid in better elucidating the nature of these fascinating systems.

中文翻译：

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锕系氧化物的晶体结构和磁性：综述


在锕系元素系统中，5f 电子经历了具有相似能量尺度的效应和相互作用的独特微妙的平衡，这通常很难正确地解开。 5f 态的双重性质、强电子相关性和强自旋轨道耦合等因素的相互作用导致了电子学上不寻常且有趣的行为，例如多 k 反铁磁有序、多极有序、莫特物理、混合价态配置、和更多。尽管其奇异特性具有固有的吸引力，但即使是更基本的二元系统（例如锕系氧化物），由于其毒性、放射性和反应性，其探索科学也受到限制。在本文中，我们概述了选定二元锕系氧化物的可用合成技术，包括锕系二氧化物、倍半氧化物和精选的高级氧化物。对于这些氧化物，我们还回顾和评估了对其晶体结构和磁性能的了解现状。在许多方面，当前对锕系氧化物的研究在理解其电子基态方面存在很大的知识差距。弥合这些差距对于提高对这些系统和未来核技术的基本了解至关重要。为此，我们注意到实验技术和必要的未来研究可能有助于更好地阐明这些迷人系统的本质。