Background Chronic skin wounds are a leading cause of hospital admissions and reduced life expectancy among older people and individuals with diabetes. Delayed wound healing is often attributed to a series of cellular abnormalities. Matrine, a well-studied component found in Sophora flavescens, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory effects. However, its impact on wound healing still remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the potential of matrine in promoting wound healing. Methods In this study, we utilized gradient extrusion to produce fibroblast-derived exosome-mimetic vesicles as carriers for matrine (MHEM). MHEM were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The therapeutic effect of MHEM in wound healing was explored in vitro and in vivo. Results Both matrine and MHEM enhanced the cellular activity as well as the migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The potent anti-inflammatory effect of matrine diluted the inflammatory response in the vicinity of wounds. Furthermore, MHEM worked together to promote angiogenesis and the expression of transforming growth factor β and collagen I. MHEM contained growth factors of fibroblasts that regulated the functions of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and monocytes, which synergistically promoted wound healing with the anti-inflammatory effect of matrine. Conclusions MHEM showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy in the inflammatory microenvironment, for new tissue formation and angiogenesis of wound healing.

中文翻译：

---

来自成纤维细胞的外泌体模拟囊泡携带苦参碱用于伤口愈合


背景 慢性皮肤伤口是导致老年人和糖尿病患者入院并缩短预期寿命的主要原因。伤口愈合延迟通常归因于一系列细胞异常。苦参碱是苦参中发现的一种经过充分研究的成分，因其抗炎作用而闻名。然而，它对伤口愈合的影响仍然不确定。本研究旨在探讨苦参碱促进伤口愈合的潜力。方法在本研究中，我们利用梯度挤出生产成纤维细胞衍生的外泌体模拟囊泡作为苦参碱（MHEM）的载体。使用透射电子显微镜和动态光散射分析对 MHEM 进行了表征。在体外和体内探索了 MHEM 在伤口愈合中的治疗效果。结果苦参碱和 MHEM 均增强细胞活性以及成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞的迁移。苦参碱的强效抗炎作用可减轻伤口附近的炎症反应。此外，MHEM共同促进血管生成以及转化生长因子β和胶原蛋白I的表达。MHEM含有成纤维细胞生长因子，调节成纤维细胞、角质形成细胞和单核细胞的功能，与苦参碱的抗炎作用协同促进伤口愈合。结论 MHEM 在炎症微环境中显示出增强的治疗功效，有助于伤口愈合的新组织形成和血管生成。