The diffractive component of the wavefield is often treated as noise during traditional preprocessing workflows. However, it possesses valuable information for imaging faults, fractures, wedges, and other small-scale structures, which have significant implications across diverse fields and industrial applications. Furthermore, seismic diffraction imaging methods have the potential to achieve the superresolution, enabling the recovery of subsurface details beyond the Rayleigh limit. In this study, we conduct a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art techniques in seismic diffraction imaging. Our analyzes include a quantitative assessment of selected articles, aimed at identifying the main applied techniques, emerging techniques, and potential areas for future research. The majority of studies focuses on the application of proposed methods in seismic sections to delineate faults, fractures, and other discontinuities, thereby enhancing subsurface resolution. Notably, these techniques find wide-ranging applications in the oil and gas industry, near-surface investigations, and velocity analysis for migration kernels. We observe a growing demand for practical applications and interpretation, with a specific emphasis on showcasing the ability of diffraction imaging to delineate structures using exclusively field data. Additionally, there is a growing trend in studies related to coal mining, the utilization of ground-penetrating radar data, applications related to the energy transition context, and the forward modeling problem of diffraction. Further research is necessary to fully assess the potential and limitations of seismic diffraction imaging in these emerging topics.

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地震衍射成像系统文献综述


在传统的预处理工作流程中，波场的衍射分量通常被视为噪声。然而，它拥有对断层、裂缝、楔子和其他小尺度结构进行成像的宝贵信息，这对不同领域和工业应用具有重要意义。此外，地震衍射成像方法有可能实现超分辨率，从而能够恢复超出瑞利极限的地下细节。在这项研究中，我们进行了系统的文献综述，以全面概述地震衍射成像的最先进技术。我们的分析包括对选定文章的定量评估，旨在确定主要应用技术、新兴技术和未来研究的潜在领域。大多数研究侧重于在地震剖面中应用所提出的方法来描绘断层、裂缝和其他不连续性，从而提高地下分辨率。值得注意的是，这些技术在石油和天然气工业、近地表调查和迁移核速度分析中有着广泛的应用。我们观察到对实际应用和解释的需求不断增长，特别强调展示衍射成像仅使用现场数据描绘结构的能力。此外，与煤炭开采、探地雷达数据的利用、与能源转型背景相关的应用以及衍射的正演建模问题相关的研究也呈增长趋势。需要进一步的研究来充分评估地震衍射成像在这些新兴主题中的潜力和局限性。