The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most influential climatic phenomenon on an interannual timescale. Studying the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and ENSO events during typical geological periods is helpful for understanding the trends of ENSO activities in the future, especially under the background of global warming. Here we quantitatively reconstructed a 115-year history of SST and ENSO activity around 282 ka during Marine Isotope Stage 8 (MIS8) by using the growth rate of corals from Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. The results show that the average coral growth rate (6.0 ± 1.0 mm/yr (1σ)) around 282 ka was only 56.1% of the modern average value (10.7 ± 0.9 mm/yr; 1937–2014 CE), and the average SST (26.0 ± 0.3 °C (1σ)) was 0.7 ± 0.4 °C and 1.1 ± 0.4 °C lower than that in the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1520–1676 CE; 26.7 ± 0.2 °C) and the present (1937–2014; 27.1 ± 0.2 °C), respectively. The reconstructed results show that there was significant ENSO activity with moderate intensity or above at 282 ka, while the frequency of ENSO activity at that time was lower than that of the LIA and the present. This seems to indicate that the frequency of moderate intensity ENSO activity increases with rising SST. Given the current rapid warming, the future trend of ENSO activities deserves close attention.

中文翻译：

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根据南海滨珊瑚重建 282,000 年前的海温和 ENSO 活动


厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）是年际时间尺度上最具影响力的气候现象。研究典型地质时期海面温度（SST）与ENSO事件的关系有助于了解未来特别是全球变暖背景下ENSO活动的趋势。在这里，我们利用南海西沙群岛珊瑚的生长速率，定量重建了 282 ka 左右海洋同位素第 8 阶段（MIS8）期间海表温度和 ENSO 活动的 115 年历史。结果表明，282ka左右的平均珊瑚生长速率（6.0±1.0mm/yr（1σ））仅为现代平均值（10.7±0.9mm/yr；1937-2014CE）的56.1%，平均海表温度(26.0 ± 0.3 °C (1σ)) 比小冰河时代 (LIA; 1520–1676 CE; 26.7 ± 0.2 °C) 和现在 (1937– 2014 年；27.1 ± 0.2 °C）。重建结果表明，282ka存在显着的中等强度及以上的ENSO活动，但当时的ENSO活动频率低于LIA和现在。这似乎表明中等强度ENSO活动的频率随着海温的升高而增加。鉴于当前气候快速变暖，ENSO活动的未来趋势值得密切关注。