Underestimation of Thermogenic Methane Emissions in New York City,Environmental Science & Technology

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Underestimation of Thermogenic Methane Emissions in New York City
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10307
Joseph R Pitt ₁ , Israel Lopez-Coto _{1,

2} , Anna Karion ₂ , Kristian D Hajny _{1,

3} , Jay Tomlin ₃ , Robert Kaeser ₃ , Thilina Jayarathne ₃ , Brian H Stirm ₄ , Cody R Floerchinger ₅ , Christopher P Loughner ₆ , Róisín Commane ₇ , Conor K Gately _{5,

8} , Lucy R Hutyra ₈ , Kevin R Gurney ₉ , Geoffrey S Roest ₉ , Jianming Liang ₁₀ , Sharon Gourdji ₂ , Kimberly L Mueller ₂ , James R Whetstone ₂ , Paul B Shepson _{1,

3}

Affiliation

School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
School of Aviation and Transportation Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
Air Resources Laboratory, NOAA, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, United States.
Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States.
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California 92373, United States.

Recent studies have shown that methane emissions are underestimated by inventories in many US urban areas. This has important implications for climate change mitigation policy at the city, state, and national levels. Uncertainty in both the spatial distribution and sectoral allocation of urban emissions can limit the ability of policy makers to develop appropriately focused emission reduction strategies. Top-down emission estimates based on atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements can help to improve inventories and inform policy decisions. This study presents a new high-resolution (0.02 × 0.02°) methane emission inventory for New York City and its surrounding area, constructed using the latest activity data, emission factors, and spatial proxies. The new high-resolution inventory estimates of methane emissions for the New York-Newark urban area are 1.3 times larger than those for the gridded Environmental Protection Agency inventory. We used aircraft mole fraction measurements from nine research flights to optimize the high-resolution inventory emissions within a Bayesian inversion. These sectorally optimized emissions show that the high-resolution inventory still significantly underestimates methane emissions within the New York-Newark urban area, primarily because it underestimates emissions from thermogenic sources (by a factor of 2.3). This suggests that there remains a gap in our process-based understanding of urban methane emissions.

中文翻译：

低估纽约市的热成甲烷排放量

最近的研究表明，美国许多城市地区的清单低估了甲烷排放量。这对城市、州和国家层面的气候变化减缓政策具有重要影响。城市排放空间分布和部门分配的不确定性可能会限制政策制定者制定有针对性的减排战略的能力。基于大气温室气体测量的自上而下的排放估算有助于改善清单并为政策决策提供信息。本研究提出了纽约市及其周边地区新的高分辨率 (0.02 × 0.02°) 甲烷排放清单，该清单使用最新的活动数据、排放因子和空间代理构建。纽约-纽瓦克市区新的高分辨率甲烷排放清单估计值是环境保护局网格排放清单的 1.3 倍。我们使用九次研究飞行的飞机摩尔分数测量值来优化贝叶斯反演中的高分辨率清单排放。这些按部门优化的排放量表明，高分辨率清单仍然大大低估了纽约-纽瓦克市区内的甲烷排放量，主要是因为它低估了热源的排放量（2.3 倍）。这表明我们对城市甲烷排放基于过程的理解仍然存在差距。

更新日期：2024-05-14

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