Astrometric detection of a Neptune-mass candidate planet in the nearest M-dwarf binary system GJ65 with VLTI/GRAVITY,Astronomy & Astrophysics

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Astrometric detection of a Neptune-mass candidate planet in the nearest M-dwarf binary system GJ65 with VLTI/GRAVITY
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202449547
, R. Abuter , A. Amorim , M. Benisty , J. P. Berger , H. Bonnet , G. Bourdarot , P. Bourget , W. Brandner , Y. Clénet , R. Davies , F. Delplancke-Ströbele , R. Dembet , A. Drescher , A. Eckart , F. Eisenhauer , H. Feuchtgruber , G. Finger , N. M. Förster Schreiber , P. Garcia , R. Garcia-Lopez , F. Gao , E. Gendron , R. Genzel , S. Gillessen , M. Hartl , X. Haubois , F. Haussmann , T. Henning , S. Hippler , M. Horrobin , L. Jochum , L. Jocou , A. Kaufer , P. Kervella , S. Lacour , V. Lapeyrère , J.-B. Le Bouquin , C. Ledoux , P. Léna , D. Lutz , F. Mang , A. Mérand , N. More , M. Nowak , T. Ott , T. Paumard , K. Perraut , G. Perrin , O. Pfuhl , S. Rabien , D. C. Ribeiro , M. Sadun Bordoni , J. Shangguan , T. Shimizu , J. Stadler , O. Straub , C. Straubmeier , E. Sturm , L. J. Tacconi , K. R. W. Tristram , F. Vincent , S. von Fellenberg , F. Widmann , E. Wieprecht , J. Woillez , S. Yazici , G. Zins

The detection of low-mass planets orbiting the nearest stars is a central stake of exoplanetary science, as they can be directly characterized much more easily than their distant counterparts. Here, we present the results of our long-term astrometric observations of the nearest binary M-dwarf Gliese 65 AB (GJ65), located at a distance of only 2.67 pc. We monitored the relative astrometry of the two components from 2016 to 2023 with the VLTI/GRAVITY interferometric instrument. We derived highly accurate orbital parameters for the stellar system, along with the dynamical masses of the two red dwarfs. The GRAVITY measurements exhibit a mean accuracy per epoch of 50−60 ms in 1.5 h of observing time using the 1.8 m Auxiliary Telescopes. The residuals of the two-body orbital fit enable us to search for the presence of companions orbiting one of the two stars (S-type orbit) through the reflex motion they imprint on the differential A–B astrometry. We detected a Neptune-mass candidate companion with an orbital period of p = 156 ± 1 d and a mass of m_{p_{= 36 ± 7 M_{⊕_{. The best-fit orbit is within the dynamical stability region of the stellar pair. It has a low eccentricity, e = 0.1 − 0.3, and the planetary orbit plane has a moderate-to-high inclination of i > 30° with respect to the stellar pair, with further observations required to confirm these values. These observations demonstrate the capability of interferometric astrometry to reach microarcsecond accuracy in the narrow-angle regime for planet detection by reflex motion from the ground. This capability offers new perspectives and potential synergies with Gaia in the pursuit of low-mass exoplanets in the solar neighborhood.}}}}

中文翻译：

利用 VLTI/GRAVITY 对最近的 M 矮星双星系统 GJ65 中的海王星质量候选行星进行天体测量探测

探测围绕最近恒星运行的低质量行星是系外行星科学的核心，因为它们比遥远的行星更容易直接表征。在这里，我们展示了对最近的双星 M 矮星 Gliese 65 AB (GJ65) 的长期天体测量结果，该双星距离仅为 2.67 pc。我们使用 VLTI/GRAVITY 干涉仪监测了 2016 年至 2023 年这两个分量的相对天体测量。我们得出了该恒星系统的高精度轨道参数以及两颗红矮星的动力质量。使用 1.8 m 辅助望远镜在 1.5 小时的观测时间内，重力测量显示每历元的平均精度为 50−60 ms。两体轨道拟合的残差使我们能够通过它们印在差分 A-B 天体测量上的反射运动来搜索绕两颗恒星之一运行的伴星（S 型轨道）的存在。我们检测到一个海王星质量的候选伴星，其轨道周期为p = 156 ± 1 d，质量为m _{p _{= 36 ± 7 M _{⊕ _{。最佳拟合轨道位于恒星对的动力学稳定区域内。它的偏心率较低，e = 0.1 − 0.3，行星轨道平面相对于恒星对具有中到高的倾角i > 30°，需要进一步观测来确认这些值。这些观测结果证明了干涉天体测量术能够在窄角范围内通过地面反射运动进行行星探测，从而达到微弧秒精度。这种能力为寻找太阳附近的低质量系外行星提供了新的视角和与盖亚的潜在协同作用。}}}}

更新日期：2024-05-14

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