Background: Research suggests that, following major changes in women’s roles in developed societies, gender relations within heterosexual partnerships are entering a second stage, during which men’s roles are the main source of change. Some scholars suggest that changes in gender roles occur differentially across social classes, as reflected in variation across educational groups. Objective: We ask how variation in the educational level of both partners is related to: (1) gender role attitudes and housework contributions of each partner; and (2) consensus between partners on egalitarian gender role attitudes, and gaps between partners in housework hours. Methods: Analyzing British Household Panel Survey and Understanding Society data on currently married, heterosexual partnerships in the United Kingdom (1992–2018) from a couple-level perspective, we compare across four educational types defined by whether partners have a tertiary-level degree. Results: We find that (1) it is not the male partner’s but rather the female partner’s tertiary education that is a key factor in understanding variation in partners’ gender role attitudes and housework hours, as well as couple-level consensus on gender egalitarian attitudes and between-partner differences in housework hours; and (2) gender gaps in housework hours between partners are smallest among couples in which women are highly educated, primarily because highly educated women do substantially fewer hours than less educated women rather than because their partners do substantially more hours. Contribution: Our results highlight that women’s class status, as measured by their education (as distinct from their partner’s), is related to meaningful variation within the household in terms of partners’ values and day-to-day experiences of chores.

中文翻译：

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受过高等教育的伴侣真的更性别平等吗？对社会阶层态度和行为差异的夫妇层面分析（作者：Liat Raz-Yurovich、Barbara S. Okun）

背景：研究表明，随着发达社会女性角色的重大变化，异性伴侣关系中的性别关系正在进入第二阶段，其中男性角色是变化的主要来源。一些学者认为，不同社会阶层的性别角色变化存在差异，这反映在不同教育群体的差异上。目的：我们询问伴侣双方的教育水平差异与以下因素有何关系：（1）伴侣双方的性别角色态度和家务贡献； (2)伴侣之间对平等性别角色态度的共识，以及伴侣之间在家务劳动时间上的差距。方法：从夫妻层面分析英国家庭小组调查和理解协会关于英国当前已婚异性伴侣关系（1992-2018）的数据，我们比较了根据伴侣是否拥有高等教育学位定义的四种教育类型。结果：我们发现（1）男性伴侣的高等教育程度而非男性伴侣的高等教育程度是理解伴侣性别角色态度和家务时间差异以及夫妻层面对性别平等态度共识的关键因素。以及伴侣之间家务劳动时间的差异； (2) 在女性受过高等教育的夫妇中，伴侣之间家务劳动时间的性别差距最小，这主要是因为受过高等教育的女性比受教育程度较低的女性做家务的时间要少得多，而不是因为她们的伴侣做家务的时间要多得多。贡献：我们的研究结果强调，女性的阶级地位，以她们的教育程度（与她们的伴侣不同）来衡量，与家庭内伴侣价值观和日常家务经历方面的有意义的差异有关。