The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of human diseases, especially cancer. In recent decades, there has been accumulating evidence of the connections between the gut microbiota and cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, understanding the functional role of the gut microbiota in regulating immune responses to cancer immunotherapy is crucial for developing precision medicine. In this review, we extract insights from state-of-the-art research to decipher the complicated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, the systemic immune system, and immunotherapy in the context of cancer. Additionally, as the gut microbiota can account for immune-related adverse events, we discuss potential interventions to minimize these adverse effects and discuss the clinical application of five microbiota-targeted strategies that precisely increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Finally, as the gut microbiota holds promising potential as a target for precision cancer immunotherapeutics, we summarize current challenges and provide a general outlook on future directions in this field.

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肠道微生物群在免疫反应和癌症免疫治疗中的关键作用


肠道微生物群在人类疾病，尤其是癌症的进展中起着关键作用。近几十年来，越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群与癌症免疫疗法之间存在联系。因此，了解肠道微生物群在调节对癌症免疫疗法的免疫反应中的功能作用对于开发精准医学至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们从最先进的研究中提取了见解，以破译肠道微生物群、全身免疫系统和癌症背景下免疫疗法之间的复杂串扰。此外，由于肠道微生物群可以解释免疫相关不良事件，我们讨论了减少这些不利影响的潜在干预措施，并讨论了精确提高癌症免疫治疗疗效的五种微生物群靶向策略的临床应用。最后，由于肠道微生物群作为精准癌症免疫治疗靶点具有广阔的潜力，我们总结了当前的挑战，并对该领域的未来方向进行了总体展望。