Background and hypothesis Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are prevalent in the general population and, because they represent a lower end of the psychosis vulnerability spectrum, may be useful in informing mechanistic understanding. Although it is well-understood that motor signs characterize formal psychotic disorders, the developmental trajectory of these features and their relationships with PLEs are less well-understood. Study Design Data from 7559 adolescents and young adults (age 11–21) in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were used to investigate whether early-life milestone-attainment delays relate to current adolescent sensorimotor functioning and positive and negative PLEs. Current sensorimotor functioning was assessed using the Computerized Finger Tapping task (assessing motor slowing) and Mouse Practice task (assessing sensorimotor planning). Study Results Early developmental abnormalities were related to current adolescent-aged motor slowing (t(7415.3) = −7.74, corrected-P < .001) and impaired sensorimotor planning (t(7502.5) = 5.57, corrected-P < .001). There was a significant interaction between developmental delays and current sensorimotor functioning on positive and negative PLEs (t = 1.67–4.51), such that individuals with early developmental delays had a stronger positive relationship between sensorimotor dysfunction and PLEs. Importantly, interaction models were significantly better at explaining current PLEs than those treating early and current sensorimotor dysfunction independently (χ2 = 4.89–20.34). Conclusions These findings suggest a relationship between early developmental delays and current sensorimotor functioning in psychosis proneness and inform an understanding of heterotypic continuity as well as a neurodevelopmental perspective of motor circuits. Furthermore, results indicate that motor signs are a clear factor in the psychosis continuum, suggesting that they may represent a core feature of psychosis vulnerability.

中文翻译：

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早期和当前运动异常和精神病样症状的发展观点


背景和假设 精神病样经历 （PLE） 在普通人群中很普遍，并且由于它们代表了精神病脆弱性谱的低端，因此可能有助于告知机制理解。尽管众所周知，运动体征是正式精神障碍的特征，但这些特征的发育轨迹及其与 PLE 的关系尚不清楚。研究设计 来自费城神经发育队列中 7559 名青少年和年轻人 （11-21 岁） 的数据用于研究早期生命里程碑达到延迟是否与当前的青少年感觉运动功能以及阳性和阴性 PLE 有关。使用计算机化手指敲击任务 （评估运动减慢） 和鼠标练习任务 （评估感觉运动规划） 评估当前的感觉运动功能。研究结果早期发育异常与当前青少年运动减慢 （t（7415.3） = -7.74，校正 P < .001） 和感觉运动规划受损 （t（7502.5） = 5.57，校正 P < .001 有关。发育迟缓与当前正负 PLE 上的感觉运动功能之间存在显着交互作用 （t = 1.67-4.51），因此早期发育迟缓的个体在感觉运动功能障碍和 PLE 之间具有更强的正相关关系。重要的是，交互模型在解释当前 PLEs 方面明显优于独立治疗早期和当前感觉运动功能障碍的模型 （χ2 = 4.89–20.34）。 结论 这些发现表明精神病倾向的早期发育迟缓与当前感觉运动功能之间存在关系，并有助于理解异型连续性以及运动回路的神经发育观点。此外，结果表明，运动体征是精神病连续体中的一个明显因素，表明它们可能代表了精神病脆弱性的核心特征。