The escalation of conflict in Ukraine has triggered the largest refugee crisis in Europe since WWII. As of early April 2024, over 5.9 million people have fled Ukraine. Large‐scale efforts have been made to identify the major receiving countries. However, less is known about the subnational areas within host countries where refugees have migrated. Identifying these areas is key for the appropriate allocation of humanitarian aid. By combining digital Facebook API data and traditional data from Eurostat, this paper aims to identify and characterise potential settlement areas of Ukrainians across the main destination countries in Europe. We identify high concentrations of Ukrainians in urban areas with a preexisting diaspora and tight labour market conditions across southern, northern‐west and central Poland and the city of Prague in the Czech Republic. We also find potential settlements in key urban agglomerations with a moderate diaspora and high levels of unemployment in Spain. Only in Romania, refugees seem to have settled in rural areas which show a moderate diaspora but low levels of unemployment. Potential settlement areas in Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom are spread across the country. Surprisingly, we do not identify potential settlement areas in bordering regions with Ukraine within neighbouring countries, suggesting that refugees may have used them as transit points. Our findings point out that different packages of humanitarian assistance may be needed according to the number of refugees and the characteristics of settlement areas.

中文翻译：

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乌克兰难民去哪儿了？整合数字和传统地理数据，识别欧洲地区的潜在定居区域

乌克兰冲突升级引发欧洲二战以来最大规模难民危机。截至 2024 年 4 月上旬，已有超过 590 万人逃离乌克兰。已做出大规模努力来确定主要接收国。然而，人们对难民移徙所在国境内的次国家地区知之甚少。确定这些领域是适当分配人道主义援助的关键。通过结合数字 Facebook API 数据和欧盟统计局的传统数据，本文旨在识别和描述欧洲主要目的地国家中乌克兰人的潜在定居区域。我们发现，在波兰南部、西北部和中部以及捷克共和国布拉格市，乌克兰人高度集中在城市地区，而这些城市地区早已存在侨民，劳动力市场条件紧张。我们还在西班牙人口较少且失业率较高的主要城市群找到了潜在的定居点。只有在罗马尼亚，难民似乎定居在农村地区，这些地区的侨民人数较少，但失业率较低。德国、意大利和英国的潜在定居区遍布全国各地。令人惊讶的是，我们没有在邻国内与乌克兰接壤的地区确定潜在的定居点，这表明难民可能将它们用作过境点。我们的研究结果指出，根据难民人数和定居点的特点，可能需要不同的人道主义援助方案。