Intensive fertilization of grasslands with cattle slurry can cause high environmental nitrogen (N) losses in form of ammonia (NH₃), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and nitrate (NO₃⁻) leaching. Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N₂) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly ¹⁵N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha⁻¹) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry ¹⁵N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N₂, N₂O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH₃), N₂ as well N₂O losses at about 20 kg N ha⁻¹ were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH₃. Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha⁻¹) were negligible, while N₂ emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha⁻¹. The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha⁻¹, with 33% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25% was recovered in the soil and 25% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. Overall, this study shows that plant N uptake plays a dominant role in controlling denitrification losses at high N application rates in pre-alpine grassland soils.

用牛粪对草原进行密集施肥会导致环境氮（N）以氨（NH ₃）、一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）和硝酸盐（NO ₃ ^-）浸出的形式大量损失。尽管如此，关于植物之间短期肥料氮分配和二氮（N ₂）排放的知识仍然缺乏。因此，我们将高度¹⁵ N 富集的牛泥（97 kg N ha ^-1）应用于高山前草原田间环境。我们在 29 天内以高时间分辨率追踪了植物-土壤系统中的泥浆^{15 N 和反硝化损失（N} ₂、N ₂ O）。仅在受精后的前3天内观察到气态氨(NH ₃ )、N ₂以及约20kg N ha ^-1的N ₂ O损失，并且主要是NH ₃。一氧化二氮排放量（0.1 kg N ha ⁻¹）可以忽略不计，而N ₂排放量占肥料N ha ⁻¹ 3 kg 。相对较低的反硝化损失可以通过植物对肥料氮的快速吸收来解释，特别是在0-4厘米深度，植物氮吸收在3天后就已经超过反硝化氮损失一个数量级。 17天后，地上植物总氮吸收量达到100 kg N ha ^-1，其中33%的氮来自施用的氮肥。肥料氮的一半存在于地上和地下生物量中，约25%在土壤中回收，25%流失，主要以气态排放形式存在，少量氮淋失。总体而言，本研究表明，高山前草原土壤在高施氮量下，植物氮吸收在控制反硝化损失方面发挥着主导作用。