ImportanceKnown social risk factors associated with poor visual and systemic health in the US include segregation, income inequality, and persistent poverty.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of vision difficulty, including blindness, in neighborhoods with measures of inequity (Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey and 2010 US census tracts as well as Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty measures from PolicyMap. Data analysis was completed in July 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the number of census tract residents reporting vision difficulty and blindness (VDB) and the association with the Theil H index, Gini index, or persistent poverty, assessed using logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 73 198 census tracts were analyzed. For every 0.1-unit increase in Theil H index and Gini index, there was an increased odds of VDB after controlling for census tract–level median age, the percentage of the population that identified as female sex, the percentage of the population that identified as a member of a racial or ethnic minority group, state, and population size (Theil H index: odds ratio [OR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.14-1.14; P < .001]; Gini index: OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.15-1.15; P < .001]). Persistent poverty was associated with an increased odds of VDB after controlling for census tract–level median age, the percentage of the population that identified as female sex, the percentage of the population that identified as a member of a racial or ethnic minority group, state, and population size compared with nonpersistent poverty (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.35-1.36; P < .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, residential measures of inequity through segregation, income inequality, or persistent poverty were associated with a greater number of residents living with VDB. It is essential to understand and address how neighborhood characteristics can impact rates of VDB.

中文翻译：

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基于地点的不平等以及视力困难和失明的衡量标准


重要性在美国，与视力不佳和全身健康状况不佳相关的已知社会风险因素包括种族隔离、收入不平等和持续贫困。目的调查社区中视力障碍（包括失明）与不平等指标（泰尔 H 指数、基尼指数和设计、背景和参与者这项横断面研究使用了 2012-2016 年美国社区调查和 2010 年美国人口普查区的数据以及来自 PolicyMap 的泰尔 H 指数、基尼指数和持续贫困衡量标准。数据分析于 2023 年 7 月完成。 主要结果和措施主要结果是报告视力困难和失明 (VDB) 的人口普查区居民数量，以及使用逻辑回归评估与泰尔 H 指数、基尼指数或持续贫困的关系。结果总共分析了 73 198 个人口普查区。泰尔 H 指数和基尼指数每增加 0.1 个单位，在控制了人口普查区级别中位年龄、性别认同为女性的人口百分比、性别认同为性别的人口百分比后，VDB 的几率就会增加。种族或族裔少数群体、州和人口规模的成员（Theil H 指数：优势比 [OR]，1.14 [95% CI，1.14-1.14；磷< .001]；基尼指数：OR，1.15 [95% CI，1.15-1.15；磷< .001]）。在控，以及与非持续性贫困相比的人口规模（OR，1.36；95% CI，1.35-1。36；磷< .001).结论和相关性在这项横断面研究中，通过隔离、收入不平等或持续贫困来衡量不平等的住宅措施与更多患有 VDB 的居民有关。了解并解决社区特征如何影响 VDB 率至关重要。