Although the lifetime burden due to major depressive disorder is increasing, we lack tools for selecting the most effective treatments for each patient. One-third to one-half of patients with major depressive disorder do not respond to treatment, and we lack strategies for selecting among available treatments or expediting access to new treatment options. This critical review concentrates on functional neuroimaging as a modality of measurement for precision psychiatry. We begin by summarizing the current landscape of how functional neuroimaging–derived circuit predictors can forecast treatment outcomes in depression. Then, we outline the opportunities and challenges in integrating circuit predictors into clinical practice. We highlight one standardized and reproducible approach for quantifying brain circuit function at an individual level, which could serve as a model for clinical translation. We conclude by evaluating the prospects and practicality of employing neuroimaging tools, such as the one that we propose, in routine clinical practice.

中文翻译：

---

用于情绪障碍治疗选择的脑回路衍生生物型：用于临床转化的功能性神经影像工具的批判性回顾和说明


尽管重度抑郁症造成的终生负担不断增加，但我们缺乏为每位患者选择最有效治疗方法的工具。三分之一到二分之一的重度抑郁症患者对治疗没有反应，我们缺乏在可用治疗方案中进行选择或加快获得新治疗方案的策略。这篇批判性评论的重点是功能性神经影像作为精密精神病学的一种测量方式。我们首先总结功能性神经影像衍生回路预测因子如何预测抑郁症治疗结果的当前情况。然后，我们概述了将回路预测器集成到临床实践中的机遇和挑战。我们重点介绍了一种标准化且可重复的方法，用于在个体水平上量化脑回路功能，该方法可以作为临床转化的模型。最后，我们评估了在常规临床实践中使用神经影像学工具（例如我们提出的工具）的前景和实用性。