Biodiesel is one of the ideal options, considering it is a renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic, environmentally friendly fuel with low pollutant emission. However, biodiesel encounters challenges, mostly connected to its high manufacturing costs, that hinder its continued development and advancement. Focusing on more affordable and environmentally friendly inputs, such as suitable and abundant feedstock and efficient catalysts, is crucial. This paper aims to summarize the literature on biodiesel production and life cycle assessment (LCA) studies, critically review the catalyst and oil feedstock employed, and the findings of the LCAs, focusing on spotting prospective low-cost feedstock sources. Furthermore, an overview of recent LCA-related works applied in various biodiesel processes incorporating various catalysts and oil feedstock was evaluated. The application of LCA and its environmental impacts in biodiesel production was discussed and summarised in table form. The importance of using a sustainable and favorable approach could result in cost-efficient biodiesel production. Additionally, the advantages and limitations of the LCA in biodiesel production have been discussed. Last, the status and challenges of LCA in biodiesel production are covered. The findings of using cheaper feedstock are expected to inspire future studies and help industry professionals develop sustainable biodiesel production.

中文翻译：

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生物柴油生产环境生命周期评价综述：催化剂和石油原料的选择


生物柴油是理想的选择之一，因为它是一种可再生、可生物降解、无毒、污染物排放低的环保燃料。然而，生物柴油遇到了挑战，主要与其高昂的制造成本有关，阻碍了其持续发展和进步。重点关注更实惠、更环保的投入，例如合适且丰富的原料和高效催化剂，这一点至关重要。本文旨在总结有关生物柴油生产和生命周期评估（LCA）研究的文献，严格审查所使用的催化剂和石油原料以及 LCA 的研究结果，重点是发现潜在的低成本原料来源。此外，还对最近应用于包含各种催化剂和石油原料的各种生物柴油工艺的 LCA 相关工作进行了概述。以表格形式讨论并总结了LCA在生物柴油生产中的应用及其环境影响。使用可持续和有利的方法的重要性可以实现具有成本效益的生物柴油生产。此外，还讨论了 LCA 在生物柴油生产中的优点和局限性。最后，介绍了 LCA 在生物柴油生产中的现状和挑战。使用更便宜的原料的研究结果预计将激发未来的研究，并帮助行业专业人士开发可持续的生物柴油生产。