Seamount eruptions alter the bathymetry and can occur undetected due to lack of explosive character. We review documented eruptions to define whether they could be detected by a future satellite gravity mission. We adopt the noise level in acquisitions of multi-satellite constellations as in the MOCAST+ study, with a proposed payload of a quantum technology gradiometer and clock. The review of underwater volcanoes includes the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) islands for which the exposed surface changed during volcanic unrests of 2014/2015 and 2021/2022. The Fani Maoré submarine volcanic eruption of 2018–2021 produced a new seamount 800 m high, emerging from a depth of 3500 m, and therefore not seen above sea surface. We review further documented submarine eruptions and estimate the upper limit of the expected gravity changes. We find that a MOCAST+ type mission should allow us to detect the subsurface mass changes generated by deep ocean submarine volcanic activity for volume changes of 6.5 km³ upwards, with latency of 1 year. This change is met by the HTHH and Fani Maoré volcanoes.

海山喷发会改变水深测量，并且由于缺乏爆炸性而可能在未被发现的情况下发生。我们审查记录的火山喷发，以确定未来的卫星重力任务是否可以检测到它们。我们采用了 MOCAST+ 研究中多卫星星座采集中的噪声水平，并提出了量子技术梯度计和时钟的有效载荷。对水下火山的审查包括洪加汤加洪加哈派 (HTHH) 岛屿，该岛屿的裸露表面在 2014/2015 年和 2021/2022 年火山爆发期间发生了变化。 2018-2021 年的法尼毛雷海底火山喷发产生了一座高 800 m 的新海山，从 3500 m 深处出现，因此在海面上方看不到。我们进一步审查了记录的海底喷发并估计了预期重力变化的上限。我们发现，MOCAST+类型的任务应该允许我们探测深海海底火山活动所产生的地下质量变化，其体积变化为6.5 km ³以上，延迟时间为1年。 HTHH 火山和法尼毛雷火山满足了这一变化。