<br>咖啡因和嘌呤衍生物：化学、生物合成途径、合成相关反应、生物医学前景和临床应用的综合综述,Chemistry & Biodiversity

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咖啡因和嘌呤衍生物：化学、生物合成途径、合成相关反应、生物医学前景和临床应用的综合综述
Chemistry & Biodiversity ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 , DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400050
Ameen A Abu-Hashem _{1,

2} , Othman Hakami ₂ , Mohamed El-Shazly ₃ , Heba A S El-Nashar ₃ , Mahmoud N M Yousif ₁

Affiliation

咖啡因和嘌呤衍生物代表了有趣的化学部分，它们表现出各种生物活性。咖啡因是一种生物碱，属于甲基黄嘌呤生物碱家族，存在于食品、饮料和药物中。咖啡、茶和其他一些饮料是人类饮食中咖啡因的主要来源。可以使用热水和二氯甲烷或氯仿从茶或咖啡中提取咖啡因，剩下的被称为脱咖啡因咖啡或茶。咖啡因及其衍生物是通过不同的程序小规模和大规模合成的。它竞争性拮抗腺苷受体（AR），腺苷受体是 G 蛋白偶联受体，主要分布在人体中，包括心脏、血管、大脑和肾脏。最近，许多报道显示咖啡因衍生物在治疗阿尔茨海默病、哮喘、帕金森病和癌症等多种疾病方面具有作用。此外，它还用作抗氧化剂、抗炎剂、镇痛剂和降胆固醇剂。本综述文章讨论了咖啡因及其衍生物的合成、反应性以及生物和药理学特性。综述了咖啡、茶叶和人体中咖啡因的生物合成和生物转化情况。

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Caffeine and Purine Derivatives: A Comprehensive Review on the Chemistry, Biosynthetic Pathways, Synthesis-Related Reactions, Biomedical Prospectives and Clinical Applications

Caffeine and purine derivatives represent interesting chemical moieties, which show various biological activities. Caffeine is an alkaloid that belongs to the family of methylxanthine alkaloids and it is present in food, beverages, and drugs. Coffee, tea, and some other beverages are a major source of caffeine in the human diet. Caffeine can be extracted from tea or coffee using hot water with dichloromethane or chloroform and the leftover is known as decaffeinated coffee or tea. Caffeine and its derivatives were synthesized via different procedures on small and large scales. It competitively antagonizes the adenosine receptors (ARs), which are G protein-coupled receptors largely distributed in the human body, including the heart, vessels, brain, and kidneys. Recently, many reports showed the effect of caffeine derivatives in the treatment of many diseases such as Alzheimer's, asthma, parkinsonism, and cancer. Also, it is used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hypocholesterolemic agent. The present review article discusses the synthesis, reactivity, and biological and pharmacological properties of caffeine and its derivatives. The biosynthesis and biotransformation of caffeine in coffee and tea leaves and the human body were summarized in the review.

更新日期：2024-05-08

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