Aquaculture faces significant challenges due to bacterial pathogens like Aeromonas hydrophila, which can severely impact production and fish health. Understanding the relationship between environmental factors, host susceptibility, and bacterial virulence is crucial for effectively managing and mitigating the risks associated with A. hydrophila in aquaculture systems. A. hydrophila, found ubiquitously in aquatic environments, possesses various virulence factors that enhance its pathogenicity. These factors are closely linked to environmental conditions, such as temperature and pH, which play pivotal roles in bacterial growth, survival, and pathogenic potential. Fluctuations in temperature and pH significantly influence A. hydrophila’s metabolic activity and growth rate, thereby modulating its virulence and overall pathogenicity. Ammonia, a byproduct of aquatic organism metabolism and organic matter decomposition, can accumulate to toxic levels in aquaculture settings, compromising fish health and immune function. Elevated ammonia concentrations worsen A. hydrophila infections by compromising host immunity and creating favorable conditions for bacterial proliferation. Oxygen concentration, host signals, and diet formulation are significantly impacting the susceptibility of aquatic organisms to infection. These factors are the most crucial in shaping the ecology, physiology, and pathogenicity of A. hydrophila in aquaculture. There is limited information on how these environmental factors modulate the virulence genes of such important fish pathogens. The knowledge of A. hydrophila virulence and its interplay with environmental factors paves the way for developing strategies to prevent and control diseases in aquaculture.

由于嗜水气单胞菌等细菌病原体，水产养殖面临着重大挑战，这会严重影响生产和鱼类健康。了解环境因素、宿主易感性和细菌毒力之间的关系对于有效管理和减轻水产养殖系统中嗜水放线菌相关的风险至关重要。嗜水气单胞菌广泛存在于水生环境中，具有多种毒力因子，可增强其致病性。这些因素与环境条件密切相关，例如温度和 pH 值，它们在细菌生长、生存和致病潜力中发挥着关键作用。温度和 pH 值的波动会显着影响嗜水气单胞菌的代谢活性和生长速率，从而调节其毒力和整体致病性。氨是水生生物代谢和有机物分解的副产品，在水产养殖环境中可累积至有毒水平，损害鱼类健康和免疫功能。氨浓度升高会损害宿主免疫力并为细菌增殖创造有利条件，从而加剧嗜水气单胞菌感染。氧气浓度、宿主信号和饮食配方显着影响水生生物对感染的易感性。这些因素对于塑造水产养殖中嗜水气单胞菌的生态学、生理学和致病性至关重要。关于这些环境因素如何调节此类重要鱼类病原体的毒力基因的信息有限。对嗜水气单胞菌毒力及其与环境因素相互作用的了解为制定预防和控制水产养殖疾病的策略铺平了道路。