Studying the efficacy of control methods is paramount to successful management of invasive pests and understanding why some colonies survive is important to improve management practices. Here, the bait Vespex® was used to control invasive wasps across 64 ha of forest in an invaded range near Hanmer Springs, New Zealand. Bait was applied across a standard 50 m by 300 m arrangement and made available for 3 days. Nest mortality rates after 19 days were 29.8%, although nearly all nests were affected with a median overall reduction in nest traffic of 96.5%. The results from logistic regression showed that, all else remaining equal, larger wasp nests, nests further from bait stations, and more isolated nests exhibited lower rates of mortality after baiting. Investigating the change in activity at surviving nests, the results from beta regression suggest that declines in nest traffic were less severe with increasing distance to the nearest bait, but more severe with increasing nest size. These results indicate that while smaller nests are at a higher risk of being killed by the bait, they may not encounter bait as regularly as larger nests. Bait uptake varied considerably across bait stations. Wasp nests were not randomly or uniformly distributed in space, and instead were aggregated across our treatment area, likely due to some aspects of environmental conditions. We suggest further research to be focused on developing an understanding of the drivers of wasp nest development and foraging behaviour, to produce a more flexible baiting procedure that will increase both baiting efficiency and efficacy.

研究控制方法的功效对于成功管理入侵害虫至关重要，了解为什么某些群体能够存活下来对于改进管理实践也很重要。在这里，Vespex® 诱饵被用来控制新西兰汉默温泉附近 64 公顷森林中的入侵黄蜂。诱饵采用标准的 50 m x 300 m 布局，并可使用 3 天。 19 天后，巢穴死亡率为 29.8%，尽管几乎所有巢穴都受到影响，巢穴交通量总体中位数减少了 96.5%。逻辑回归的结果表明，在其他条件相同的情况下，较大的黄蜂巢、距离诱饵站较远的巢以及较孤立的巢在诱饵后表现出较低的死亡率。通过调查幸存巢穴的活动变化，贝塔回归的结果表明，随着与最近诱饵距离的增加，巢穴流量的下降幅度较小，但随着巢穴大小的增加，巢穴流量的下降幅度更大。这些结果表明，虽然较小的巢穴被诱饵杀死的风险较高，但它们可能不会像较大的巢穴那样经常遇到诱饵。不同诱饵站的诱饵吸收情况差异很大。黄蜂巢在空间中并不是随机或均匀分布的，而是在我们的治疗区域聚集，这可能是由于环境条件的某些方面造成的。我们建议进一步的研究重点是了解黄蜂巢发育和觅食行为的驱动因素，以制定更灵活的诱饵程序，从而提高诱饵效率和功效。