The main objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate how modifiable parental factors are related to traditional and cyberbullying victimization in children and adolescents. A systematic literature search of modifiable parental factors associated with bullying victimization was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the mean effect sizes of the associations between the broader categories of parental factors (risk and protective) and bullying victimization (traditional and cyber), as well as between specific parental factors and bullying victimization (traditional and cyber). The differential impact of maternal and paternal factors (risk and protective) was examined. Age and gender were tested as moderators. Out of the 13,171 records identified, 158 studies met the inclusion criteria. Larger evidence was found for the association between parental risk (i.e., authoritarian parenting, aversiveness, inter-parental conflict, over-involvement, permissive parenting, and withdrawal) and protective (i.e., authoritative parenting, autonomy granting, warmth, and monitoring) factors, respectively, and traditional bullying victimization, with parental warmth, aversiveness, and withdrawal being the only common related predictors for traditional and cyberbullying victimization. The effect sizes were generally small. Maternal and paternal factors showed similar patterns of association with both types of bullying victimization. Age had a moderating effect on the association between parental protective factors and cyberbullying victimization. Overall, the present findings suggest that parental factors are relevant in protecting or putting children at risk for bullying victimization, especially in the offline context.

这项荟萃分析的主要目的是调查可改变的父母因素与儿童和青少年的传统和网络欺凌受害的关系。使用 PubMed、PsycINFO、Scopus 和 Web of Science 电子数据库对与欺凌受害相关的可改变父母因素进行了系统的文献检索。进行了荟萃分析，以评估更广泛的父母因素类别（风险和保护性）与霸凌受害（传统和网络）之间以及特定父母因素与霸凌受害（传统和网络）之间关联的平均效应大小。检查了母体和父系因素 （风险和保护性） 的不同影响。年龄和性别作为调节因子进行测试。在确定的 13,171 条记录中，158 项研究符合纳入标准。发现更多的证据表明，父母风险（即专制养育、厌恶、父母之间的冲突、过度参与、放任的养育和退缩）因素和保护性（即权威养育、自主权授予、温暖和监控）因素与传统霸凌受害之间存在关联，其中父母的温暖、厌恶和退缩是传统霸凌和网络霸凌受害的唯一常见相关预测因素。效应量通常较小。母系和父系因素与两种类型的霸凌受害显示出相似的关联模式。年龄对父母保护因素与网络欺凌受害之间的关联具有调节作用。 总体而言，目前的研究结果表明，父母因素与保护儿童或使儿童面临霸凌受害的风险有关，尤其是在线下环境中。