Strong-field photoelectron holography is promising for the study of electron dynamics and structure in atoms and molecules, with superior spatiotemporal resolution compared to conventional electron and X-ray diffractometry. However, the application of strong-field photoelectron holography has been hindered by inter-cycle interference from multicycle fields. Here, we address this challenge by employing a near-single-cycle field to suppress the inter-cycle interference. We observed and separated two distinct holographic patterns for the first time. Our measurements allow us not only to identify the Gouy phase effect on electron wavepackets and holographic patterns but also to correctly extract the internuclear separation of the target molecule from the holographic pattern. Our work leads to a leap jump from theory to application in the field of strong-field photoelectron holography-based ultrafast imaging of molecular structures.

强场光电子全息术在研究原子和分子中的电子动力学和结构方面具有广阔的前景，与传统电子和X射线衍射相比，它具有更高的时空分辨率。然而，强场光电子全息术的应用受到多周期场的周期间干扰的阻碍。在这里，我们通过采用近单周期场来抑制周期间干扰来应对这一挑战。我们首次观察并分离了两种不同的全息图案。我们的测量不仅使我们能够识别电子波包和全息图案的古伊相效应，而且能够从全息图案中正确提取目标分子的核间分离。我们的工作实现了基于强场光电子全息术的分子结构超快成像领域从理论到应用的飞跃。