Anthropogenic climate change and rapid urbanization are contributing to more frequent and intense urban flooding. There is widespread agreement that traditional gray infrastructure, a single‐purpose solution, fails to address the problem properly and contributes to adverse direct and indirect environmental impacts. As such, Nature‐based Solutions (NbS) can provide improved outcomes to flood risk management along with co‐benefits to society and the economy, as they have numerous benefits incuding often a smaller carbon footprint or even sometimes sequestering carbon. However, there is ambiguity and misconception about NbS and the uptake of NbS for flood management, which is still inadequate compared to traditional gray infrastructure. This research seeks to explore various nature‐based infrastructures including their present status of application for flood risk management to build resilience to urban flooding through a systematic literature review. The robustness of some NbS is questionable and varies across different spatial scales from plot to watershed. NbS can work stand‐alone in many cases as well as supplement traditional gray infrastructure to achieve wider benefits. The review provides a comparison of nature‐based solutions with gray infrastructure, identifies flood mitigation infrastructures that include nature‐based elements, and provides an overview of their effectiveness across different scales. The research findings should contribute to a better understanding of appropriate and diverse options of NbS, gray, and hybrid designs by policymakers and decision‐makers to enable them in effectively designing and implementing urban flood risk mitigation measures.This article is categorized under: Climate and Development > Urbanization, Development, and Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies

中文翻译：

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基于自然的基础设施及其缓解城市洪水风险有效性的回顾

人为气候变化和快速城市化导致城市洪水更加频繁和严重。人们普遍认为，传统的灰色基础设施作为单一目的的解决方案，无法正确解决问题，并会造成直接和间接的不利环境影响。因此，基于自然的解决方案（NbS）可以为洪水风险管理提供更好的结果，并为社会和经济带来共同利益，因为它们具有许多好处，通常包括较小的碳足迹，有时甚至可以固碳。然而，人们对 NbS 以及 NbS 在洪水管理中的应用仍存在模糊和误解，与传统的灰色基础设施相比仍然存在不足。本研究旨在通过系统的文献综述来探索各种基于自然的基础设施，包括它们在洪水风险管理中的应用现状，以增强城市洪水的抵御能力。一些 NbS 的鲁棒性值得怀疑，并且在从地块到分水岭的不同空间尺度上存在差异。 NbS 在许多情况下可以独立工作，也可以补充传统的灰色基础设施以实现更广泛的利益。该评论对基于自然的解决方案与灰色基础设施进行了比较，确定了包含基于自然的元素的防洪基础设施，并概述了它们在不同规模下的有效性。研究结果应有助于政策制定者和决策者更好地理解 NbS、灰色和混合设计的适当和多样化的选择，使他们能够有效地设计和实施城市洪水风险缓解措施。本文分为以下几类： 气候与发展 > 城市化、发展和气候变化 气候变化的脆弱性和适应 > 从案例和类比中学习