Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in subsurface formations has emerged as a promising strategy to address global warming. In light of this, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the geological trapping of CO. Additionally, it aims to identify the techniques used to evaluate the potential for CO sequestration before injecting CO into subsurface formations and the methods used to monitor the progress of CO sequestration after injection. The review also presents future research directions based on current research trends in the field. Four principal trapping mechanisms were identified: structural, capillary (residual), solubility, and mineral trapping. These mechanisms vary in their CO trapping capacity over time and the storage security they offer. Structural trapping provides the most significant contribution to CO trapping, whereas mineral trapping offers the highest storage security. In terms of monitoring and assessment, three main approaches were identified, including seismic and borehole geophysical methods, atmospheric monitoring methods, and laboratory-scale experiments. One of the novel aspects of this review is that it outlines the various experimental techniques used for investigating CO trapping mechanisms, an area that prior reviews have not addressed. At the laboratory level, various tests and experiments are used to study CO trapping characteristics. These are categorized into petrophysical characterization, pore-scale experiments, CO-fluid-rock interaction experiments, and CO adsorption evaluation. Another novel contribution of this review is the development of a qualitative assessment approach for the applicability of various monitoring techniques throughout the stages of CO sequestration projects. This innovative approach has not been reported in the previous literature. Our review was prepared following a scoping review methodology, ensuring the inclusion of the most recent and relevant studies.

中文翻译：

---

地下地质构造中的二氧化碳封存：捕集机制和监测技术综述


地下地层中的碳捕获和封存（CCS）已成为解决全球变暖的一种有前景的策略。有鉴于此，本综述旨在全面了解二氧化碳地质捕集的机制。此外，其目的是确定在将二氧化碳注入地下地层之前评估二氧化碳封存潜力的技术以及所使用的方法监测注入后二氧化碳封存的进展。该综述还根据该领域当前的研究趋势提出了未来的研究方向。确定了四种主要捕获机制：结构捕获、毛细管捕获（残留）、溶解性捕获和矿物捕获。随着时间的推移，这些机制的二氧化碳捕集能力及其提供的存储安全性会有所不同。结构捕集对二氧化碳捕集贡献最大，而矿物捕集提供最高的储存安全性。在监测和评估方面，确定了三种主要方法，包括地震和钻孔地球物理方法、大气监测方法和实验室规模的实验。这篇综述的新颖之处之一是它概述了用于研究二氧化碳捕集机制的各种实验技术，这是之前的综述尚未涉及的领域。在实验室层面，使用各种测试和实验来研究二氧化碳捕集特性。这些实验分为岩石物理表征、孔隙尺度实验、CO2-流体-岩石相互作用实验和CO2吸附评估。本次综述的另一个新颖贡献是开发了一种定性评估方法，用于评估二氧化碳封存项目各个阶段中各种监测技术的适用性。 这种创新方法在以往的文献中尚未有报道。我们的审查是根据范围审查方法准备的，确保纳入最新的相关研究。