Children from migrant and seasonal farmworker (MSFW) families are among the most educationally disadvantaged and underserved groups in the United States; however, they have received limited research attention. Using a large nationally representative sample of MSFW children in Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) programs, this study offered national portraits of MSHS Spanish-English speaking children's language experience profiles in their homes. Preschool-aged Spanish-English dual language learners (DLLs; = 280) were classified into two distinct profiles: (1) the Bilingual Exposure group (58.9%), comprising DLLs who had Spanish-English exposure from both adults and children, and (2) the Adult-Spanish, Child-Bilingual Exposure group (41.1%), consisting of DLLs who had Spanish-dominant exposure from adults and exposure to both languages from other children. Compared to the Adult-Spanish, Child-Bilingual Exposure group, children in the Bilingual Exposure group were more likely to come from non-immigrant families, had mothers with higher educational levels, and engaged in more home learning activities. When literacy skills were compared, the Adult-Spanish, Child-Bilingual Exposure group presented higher Spanish letter-word identification skills than the Bilingual Exposure group. No group differences were found in English letter-word identification and bilingual auditory comprehension. Our findings suggest the importance of Spanish language experience at home and call for tailoring educational approaches that consider the diverse home experiences of DLLs attending MSHS.

中文翻译：

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移民和季节性启蒙计划中西班牙语-英语双语学习者的家庭语言经历概况


来自移民和季节性农场工人 (MSFW) 家庭的儿童是美国教育上最弱势且服务最匮乏的群体之一；然而，它们受到的研究关注有限。这项研究使用了移民和季节性启蒙 (MSHS) 计划中无国界工作人员儿童的大量全国代表性样本，提供了 MSHS 西班牙语-英语儿童在家中的语言体验概况的全国肖像。学龄前西班牙语-英语双语学习者 (DLL；= 280) 被分为两个不同的类别：(1) 双语接触组 (58.9%)，由成人和儿童接触过西班牙语-英语的 DLL 组成，以及 ( 2) 成人西班牙语、儿童双语接触组（41.1%），由成人以西班牙语为主、其他儿童以两种语言接触过的 DLL 组成。与成人西班牙语、儿童双语暴露组相比，双语暴露组的儿童更有可能来自非移民家庭、母亲受教育程度较高、参与更多家庭学习活动。当比较读写能力时，成人西班牙语、儿童双语接触组比双语接触组表现出更高的西班牙语字母单词识别能力。在英语字母单词识别和双语听觉理解方面没有发现群体差异。我们的研究结果表明西班牙语经验在家里的重要性，并呼吁制定考虑到就读 MSHS 的 DLL 的多样化家庭经历的定制教育方法。