Although there have been numerous studies on the relations between group identification and ethnic prejudice, it is less clear whether their associations reflect stable individual tendencies or rather situational or temporal fluctuations. This longitudinal multilevel study aimed to fill this gap by examining the between‐ and within‐person associations of identification with the national and superordinate human groups and levels of prejudice against multiple ethnic minorities. A total of 883 Italian majority adolescents (Mage = 15.66, SD = 1.15 at T1, 49.7% females) completed questionnaires at four time points over the course of 1 year. Results showed that national identification was related to more prejudice at the between‐person level but to decreases in prejudice at the within‐person level. Additionally, human identification contributed to lower levels of and steeper decreases in prejudice at both the between‐ and within‐person levels. Common and unique associations also emerged across different ethnic minority targets, but only for between‐person effects. Overall, this study highlights the importance of distinguishing stable individual levels and momentary fluctuations of both ingroup identifications and ethnic prejudice in order to orient future interventions aimed at improving the quality of intergroup relationships.

中文翻译：

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我们、他们和我们：国家和人类身份认同如何影响青少年的种族偏见


尽管已经有许多关于群体认同与种族偏见之间关系的研究，但不太清楚它们的关联是反映稳定的个体倾向，还是情境或时间波动。这项纵向多层次研究旨在通过检查人与国家和上级人类群体的认同关系以及对多个少数族裔的偏见程度来填补这一空白。共有 883 名意大利多数青少年 （Mage = 15.66，T1 SD = 1.15,49.7% 女性） 在 1 年的过程中在 4 个时间点完成了问卷调查。结果显示，国家认同与人与人间层面的偏见增加有关，但与人与人内部层面的偏见减少有关。此外，人类身份识别有助于在人与人之间和人与人之间层面的偏见水平降低，而偏见的减少幅度更大。在不同的少数族裔目标中也出现了常见和独特的关联，但仅限于人与人之间的效应。总体而言，本研究强调了区分稳定的个体水平和内部群体认同和种族偏见的瞬时波动的重要性，以便为旨在提高群体间关系质量的未来干预措施提供方向。