Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an increasing threat to global health. To deliberate the distribution and transmission of environmental resistance in a wide geographic and longitudinal scope, standardization of the analytical methods is desperately required for the extensive implementation of large-scale environmental antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) surveillance. In this review, a standardized surveillance method using metagenomic analysis, coupled with proper quantification tools and environmental reference materials as technical benchmarks, was established to facilitate the generation of comparable and informative resistome datasets. As global and long-term ARGs surveillance has recently been performed in various environmental compartments, increasing efforts are also needed for assessing the health risks of ARGs. The development of risk assessment schemes that incorporate factors including transfer potential, host species, viability, and absolute quantification is essential to the regulatory guidelines for high-risk priority ARGs. This review provides guidance to ARGs surveillance regarding the level and the risk of ARG exposure, especially to identify and address critical hotspots.

中文翻译：

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全球环境抗生素抗性基因（ARG）监测标准化


抗生素耐药性（AMR）对全球健康构成越来越大的威胁。为了研究环境耐药性在广泛的地理和纵向范围内的分布和传播，迫切需要分析方法的标准化，以广泛实施大规模的环境抗生素耐药性基因（ARG）监测。在本次综述中，建立了一种使用宏基因组分析的标准化监测方法，加上适当的量化工具和环境参考材料作为技术基准，以促进生成可比较和信息丰富的抗性组数据集。由于最近在不同的环境分区中进行了全球和长期的 ARG 监测，因此还需要加大力度评估 ARG 的健康风险。制定包含转移潜力、宿主物种、活力和绝对量化等因素的风险评估方案对于高风险优先 ARG 的监管指南至关重要。本次审查为 ARG 监测提供了有关 ARG 暴露水平和风险的指导，特别是识别和解决关键热点问题。