Research on how identification impacts the experience of identity threat has uncovered mixed findings, which the current work helps resolve. We uncouple two conceptually distinct aspects of identification that research has conflated: identity centrality and solidarity. Identity centrality is focused inward on the extent to which an identity is important and salient to an individual, whereas solidarity is focused outward on the strength of the bond an individual perceives with another person or group. We propose that higher centrality exacerbates reactions to identity threat and ultimately predicts identity-protection responses (e.g., derogating or avoiding the threat source), whereas greater solidarity with coworkers mitigates negative responses stemming from identity threat. We consider two groups with whom individuals might experience solidarity in organizations: (1) others who share the threatened identity and (2) coworkers. We test and find support for our hypotheses in two studies using two-wave, time-lagged online experimental methods investigating political identity (Study 1) and working parent identity (Study 2). Notably, solidarity with coworkers provides a buffering effect while solidarity with others sharing the threatened identity does so to a lesser degree. Our work helps reconcile how and why identity centrality and certain forms of solidarity can differentially influence identity threat reactions.

中文翻译：

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在身份威胁下，身份识别是有害还是有帮助？身份中心性对感觉被冒犯的加剧作用以及同事团结对身份保护行为的缓冲作用

关于身份识别如何影响身份威胁体验的研究发现了不同的结果，当前的工作有助于解决这些问题。我们将研究中混为一谈的身份认同的两个概念上不同的方面分开：身份中心性和团结性。身份中心性向内关注身份对个人的重要性和显着程度，而团结则向外关注个人与另一个人或群体之间的联系强度。我们认为，较高的中心性会加剧对身份威胁的反应，并最终预测身份保护反应（例如，减损或避免威胁源），而与同事的更大团结会减轻因身份威胁而产生的负面反应。我们考虑个人可能在组织中与两个群体建立团结：(1) 共享受威胁身份的其他人，以及 (2) 同事。我们使用两波、时滞在线实验方法调查政治身份（研究 1）和工作父母身份（研究 2），在两项研究中测试并找到对我们假设的支持。值得注意的是，与同事的团结提供了缓冲作用，而与共享受威胁身份的其他人的团结则起到了较小程度的缓冲作用。我们的工作有助于协调身份中心性和某些形式的团结如何以及为何能够不同地影响身份威胁反应。