Rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria compromise patient outcomes and prolong hospital stays. Consequently, new strategies are needed to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria. Over the past two decades, sizeable clinical efforts and research advances have changed urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment and prevention strategies to conserve antibiotic use. The emergence of antimicrobial stewardship, policies from national societies, and the development of new antimicrobials have shaped modern UTI practices. Future UTI management practices could be driven by the evolution of antimicrobial stewardship, improved and readily available diagnostics, and an improved understanding of how the microbiome affects UTI. Forthcoming UTI treatment and prevention strategies could employ novel bactericidal compounds, combinations of new and classic antimicrobials that enhance bacterial killing, medications that prevent bacterial attachment to uroepithelial cells, repurposing drugs, and vaccines to curtail the rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria and improve outcomes in people with UTI.

尿路病原菌抗生素耐药率的上升会影响患者的预后并延长住院时间。因此，需要新的策略来预防和控制抗生素耐药性在尿路致病菌中的传播。在过去的二十年里，大量的临床努力和研究进展改变了尿路感染 （UTI） 的治疗和预防策略，以节省抗生素的使用。抗菌药物管理的出现、国家红会的政策以及新抗菌剂的开发塑造了现代 UTI 实践。未来的 UTI 管理实践可能由抗菌药物管理的发展、改进和现成的诊断方法以及对微生物组如何影响 UTI 的更好理解来驱动。即将推出的 UTI 治疗和预防策略可以采用新型杀菌化合物、增强细菌杀灭的新型和经典抗菌剂的组合、防止细菌附着在尿路上皮细胞的药物、再利用药物和疫苗，以遏制尿路病原菌抗生素耐药率的上升并改善 UTI 患者的预后。