Oral delivery systems for nutrients and nutraceuticals are required for personalized nutrition applications. In some applications, these delivery systems need to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive agents. In this study, bigel beads (2 mm) were prepared using pea protein (PP) and sodium alginate (SA) to form the hydrogel phase, and glyceryl monostearate and soybean oil to form the oleogel phase. The hydrogel phase was crosslinked by using Ca ions to form electrostatic bridges between the alginate molecules. The bigel beads had an oil-in-water type structure consisting of an oleogel dispersed phase within a hydrogel continuous phase. These beads were used to encapsulate and control the release of model hydrophobic (curcumin) and hydrophilic (epigallocatechin gallate) nutraceuticals. The textural and microstructural characteristics of the bigel beads were evaluated by dynamic shear rheology, textural profile analysis, cryo-electron microscopy, and fluorescence confocal microscopy. As the concentration of SA increasing from 0.2 to 1.0%, the hardness of bigel beads increased from 306.75 g to 792.40 g. digestion experiments showed that most of the nutraceuticals were released in the small intestine, rather than the stomach. Nutraceutical release could be controlled by manipulating bead composition, with the extent of nutraceutical release decreasing with increasing alginate concentration. The bigel beads developed in this study could be used as easy-to-swallow carriers for the controlled release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive ingredients. These kinds of products may be especially useful for people with dysphagia.

中文翻译：

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用于控制释放亲水性和疏水性活性成分的植物递送系统：豌豆蛋白-海藻酸盐 Bigel 珠


个性化营养应用需要营养素和保健品的口服输送系统。在一些应用中，这些递送系统需要封装亲水性和疏水性生物活性剂。在本研究中，使用豌豆蛋白 (PP) 和海藻酸钠 (SA) 形成水凝胶相，并使用单硬脂酸甘油酯和大豆油形成油凝胶相制备 Bigel 珠 (2 mm)。通过使用 Ca 离子在藻酸盐分子之间形成静电桥来交联水凝胶相。 Bigel 珠具有水包油型结构，由水凝胶连续相内的油凝胶分散相组成。这些珠子用于封装和控制模型疏水性（姜黄素）和亲水性（表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯）营养保健品的释放。通过动态剪切流变学、结构轮廓分析、冷冻电子显微镜和荧光共聚焦显微镜评估了 Bigel 珠的结构和微观结构特征。随着SA浓度从0.2%增加到1.0%，Bigel珠的硬度从306.75 g增加到792.40 g。消化实验表明，大多数营养保健品是在小肠而不是胃中释放的。营养药物的释放可以通过控制珠的组成来控制，营养药物的释放程度随着藻酸盐浓度的增加而降低。本研究开发的 Bigel 珠可用作易于吞咽的载体，用于控制亲水性和疏水性生物活性成分的释放。这类产品对于吞咽困难的人可能特别有用。