Fluororubber (FKM) is an irreplaceable sealing material that plays a critical role in new energy vehicles, petrochemical and aerospace industries. Their broad applications arise from the excellent thermal stability and solvent resistance of fluororubber. Despite there are increasing number of reports on preparation methods, properties and characterization of FKM in literature, there is still a lack of a thorough and comprehensive review that summarizes these results. This paper provides an overview of FKM types, preparation methods, property testing and microscopic characterization, and attempts to give a comprehensive introduction to the vulcanization mechanism of FKM using ternary fluororubber. The mechanical mixing method was identified as the most versatile preparation method in the review, but it is susceptible to causing agglomeration of nanomaterials. Furthermore, different vulcanization systems and reinforcing fillers can be chosen based on the application direction of FKM. Carbon nanomaterials with high inherent strength have the best reinforcing effect on FKM, although they also exhibit the most significant self-agglomeration effect. This can be mitigated through synergistic use of fillers of multiple dimensions and interfacial modification in future research. Additionally, current challenges and future prospects for FKM nanocomposites are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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氟橡胶复合材料：制备方法、硫化机理及相关性能


氟橡胶（FKM）是一种不可替代的密封材料，在新能源汽车、石油化工、航空航天等行业发挥着至关重要的作用。它们的广泛应用源于氟橡胶优异的热稳定性和耐溶剂性。尽管文献中关于FKM的制备方法、性能和表征的报道越来越多，但仍然缺乏对这些结果进行彻底和全面的综述。本文对FKM的种类、制备方法、性能测试和微观表征进行了综述，并试图全面介绍FKM采用三元氟橡胶的硫化机理。机械混合法被认为是该综述中最通用的制备方法，但它容易引起纳米材料的团聚。此外，还可以根据FKM的应用方向选择不同的硫化体系和补强填料。具有高固有强度的碳纳米材料对FKM的增强效果最好，尽管它们也表现出最显着的自团聚效应。在未来的研究中，可以通过协同使用多维填料和界面改性来缓解这一问题。此外，还讨论了 FKM 纳米复合材料当前的挑战和未来前景。