We develop and estimate a model of supply and demand for childcare. On the demand side, households make consumption, labor supply, and childcare decisions. On the supply side, centers make entry, price, and quality decisions. In addition, both paid and informal caregivers are available. Child development is a function of the time spent with parents and nonparental care providers. We estimate the model using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, and perform policy experiments. Vouchers that can be used only in high-quality centers or by working mothers are particularly effective, since they deliver child development gains while increasing mothers’ labor supply.

中文翻译：

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儿童保育市场、父母劳动力供应和儿童发展

我们开发并估算了儿童保育的供需模型。在需求方面，家庭做出消费、劳动力供给和儿童保育决策。在供应方面，中心做出进入、价格和质量决策。此外，还提供有偿和非正式的护理人员。儿童发展取决于与父母和非父母照顾者相处的时间。我们使用早期儿童纵向研究、出生队列的数据来估计模型，并进行政策实验。只能在高质量中心或职业母亲使用的代金券特别有效，因为它们可以促进儿童发展，同时增加母亲的劳动力供应。