ImportanceProspective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment identify largely different groups of individuals. However, it is unclear if these measures are differentially associated with psychopathology.ObjectiveTo analyze the associations of prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment with psychopathology.Data SourcesBased on a preregistered protocol, Embase, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE were searched for peer-reviewed studies published by January 1, 2023, that measured the associations of prospective and retrospective measures of child maltreatment with psychopathology.Study SelectionTitles and abstracts of all articles captured by the search and full texts of potentially eligible studies were independently screened by 2 authors. Observational studies with measures of the association of prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment with psychopathology were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisMultiple investigators independently extracted data. Multilevel random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the results and test predictors of heterogeneity.Main Outcome and MeasuresAssociations between prospective or retrospective measures of child maltreatment and psychopathology, both unadjusted and adjusted (ie, the association between prospective measures of maltreatment and psychopathology adjusted for retrospective measures, and vice versa), and moderation of these associations by preselected variables.ResultsThe meta-analyses were based on 24 studies including 15 485 individuals (51.0% female; mean age, 21.3 years at retrospective report). Retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment showed stronger associations with psychopathology relative to prospective measures in both unadjusted analyses (retrospective measures: odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95%, 1.94-2.42 vs prospective measures: OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.39-1.76) and adjusted analyses (retrospective measures: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.90-2.42 vs prospective measures: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41). There was no statistically significant moderation of the unadjusted or adjusted associations between prospective measures of child maltreatment and psychopathology. The associations between retrospective measures and psychopathology were stronger when the assessment of psychopathology was based on self-reports and was focused on internalizing or emotional disorders.Conclusions and RelevancePsychopathology is more strongly associated with retrospective measures—which capture the first-person, subjective appraisal of childhood events reflected in memory recall—compared to prospective measures—which essentially capture third-person accounts of such events. Maltreatment-related psychopathology may be driven by subjective interpretations of experiences, distressing memories, and associated schemas, which could be targeted by cognitive interventions.

中文翻译：

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儿童虐待的前瞻性和回顾性措施及其与精神病理学的关系

重要性儿童虐待的前瞻性和回顾性措施可以识别很大程度上不同的个人群体。然而，尚不清楚这些措施是否与精神病理学有差异相关。目的分析儿童虐待的前瞻性和回顾性措施与精神病理学的关联。数据源基于预先注册的方案，在 Embase、PsycInfo 和 MEDLINE 中检索已发表的同行评审研究到 2023 年 1 月 1 日，衡量了儿童虐待的前瞻性和回顾性措施与精神病理学的关联。研究选择搜索捕获的所有文章的标题和摘要以及潜在合格研究的全文由 2 位作者独立筛选。包括对儿童虐待的前瞻性和回顾性措施与精神病理学之间的关联进行的观察性研究。数据提取和综合多个研究人员独立提取数据。使用多水平随机效应荟萃分析来汇总结果并测试异质性的预测因子。主要结果和测量儿童虐待的前瞻性或回顾性测量与精神病理学之间的关联，包括未经调整和调整的（即，虐待的前瞻性测量与精神病理学之间的关联）结果荟萃分析基于 24 项研究，包括 15 485 名个体（51.0% 为女性；回顾性报告时平均年龄为 21.3 岁）。在两项未经调整的分析中，相对于前瞻性测量，儿童虐待的回顾性测量与精神病理学的关联性更强（回顾性测量：比值比 [OR]，2.21；95%，1.94-2.42 对比前瞻性测量：OR，1.56；95% CI，1.39- 1.76）和调整分析（回顾性测量：OR，2.14；95% CI，1.90-2.42 vs 前瞻性测量：OR，1.27；95% CI，1.13-1.41）。虐待儿童的前瞻性测量与精神病理学之间的未调整或调整关联没有统计学上显着的调节。当精神病理学评估基于自我报告并侧重于内化或情绪障碍时，回顾性测量与精神病理学之间的关联更强。结论和相关性精神病理学与回顾性测量的相关性更强，回顾性测量捕获了对患者的第一人称主观评价。与前瞻性测量相比，记忆回忆中反映的童年事件基本上捕获了此类事件的第三人称描述。与虐待相关的精神病理学可能是由对经历、痛苦记忆和相关图式的主观解释驱动的，这些可以通过认知干预来针对。