Research SummaryBroken windows theory suggests that police can prevent serious crime by addressing social and physical disorder in neighborhoods. In many U.S. cities, recent increases in disorder, fear, and crime have initiated calls for an intensification of disorder policing efforts. Disorder policing programs can be controversial, with evaluations yielding conflicting results. Further, a growing number of descriptive analyses of aggressive order maintenance programs raise concerns over varied negative consequences, such as increased racial disparities in arrests of citizens. Systematic review and meta‐analytic techniques were used to conduct an updated analysis of the effects of disorder policing on crime. Fifty‐six eligible studies including 59 independent tests of disorder policing interventions were identified, representing almost twice the number included in the previous review. As part of the meta‐analysis, new effect size metrics were used. The updated meta‐analysis suggests that policing disorder strategies are associated with overall statistically significant crime reduction effects that spill over into surrounding areas. The strongest program effect sizes were generated by community and problem‐solving interventions designed to change social and physical disorder conditions at crime hot spots. Conversely, aggressive order maintenance strategies did not generate significant crime reductions.Policy ImplicationsThe types of strategies used by police departments to address disorder seem to matter in controlling crime, and this holds important implications for police–community relations, justice, and crime prevention. Further research is needed to understand the key programmatic elements that maximize the capacity of these strategies to prevent crime.

中文翻译：

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治安混乱以减少犯罪：最新的系统评价和荟萃分析

研究摘要破窗理论表明，警察可以通过解决社区的社会和身体混乱问题来预防严重犯罪。在美国许多城市，最近骚乱、恐惧和犯罪的增加引发了人们要求加强治安治安工作的呼声。治安治安计划可能会引起争议，评估会产生相互矛盾的结果。此外，越来越多的对激进秩序维护计划的描述性分析引起了人们对各种负面后果的担忧，例如逮捕公民时种族差异的加大。使用系统回顾和荟萃分析技术对治安混乱对犯罪的影响进行最新分析。确定了 56 项符合条件的研究，其中包括 59 项治安干预措施的独立测试，几乎是之前审查中纳入的数量的两倍。作为荟萃分析的一部分，使用了新的效应大小指标。最新的荟萃分析表明，治安混乱策略与整体统计上显着的犯罪减少效果相关，这种效果会蔓延到周边地区。最强的项目效应是由社区和解决问题的干预措施产生的，这些干预措施旨在改变犯罪热点地区的社会和身体混乱状况。相反，积极的秩序维持策略并没有显着减少犯罪。政策含义警察部门用于解决骚乱的策略类型似乎对控制犯罪很重要，这对警察与社区的关系、司法和预防犯罪具有重要意义。需要进一步研究来了解最大限度地发挥这些战略预防犯罪能力的关键规划要素。