The growing need for wide and ubiquitous accessibility to advanced Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has led to the evolution of conventional Vehicle to Everything (V2X) paradigms into the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). Next-generation IoVs establish seamless connections among humans, vehicles, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and service platforms to enhance transit efficiency, road safety, and environmental conservation, with notable advancements in IoV technologies, specifically in secure data exchange and user privacy protection. Additionally, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are envisioned as scalable and adaptable solutions for comprehensive IoV service coverage. The current approaches in IoV mainly concentrate on local infrastructure setups, overlooking the potential of infrastructure-less IoVs that lack extensive edge facilities. Also, the transmission of data over public channels by vehicles equipped with servers is susceptible to interception and tampering by malicious attackers. Moreover, the substantial amount of real-time data generated by vehicles, IoT devices, travelers, and social interactions pose a significant strain on servers as well as latency issues. To address these security concerns, this research suggests a secure-lightweight data collection and sharing framework for 6G-assisted smart transportation using blockchain and UAV, called IoV-6G+. The process entails drones collecting information and transmitting it to dedicated edge servers that securely aggregate the information and generate transactions on a cloud server. A cloud server securely collects data from edge servers, creates transactions, combines them into blocks, and then confirms and adds these blocks to the blockchain through a voting-based consensus method in a peer-to-peer network of cloud servers. Additionally, the security analysis of our proposed IoV-6G+ is assessed using the “Informal and formal (i.e., Scyther Tool, and Real-or-Random (RoR) Model) methods”, showcasing its efficacy in delivering a secure and efficient authentication mechanism for IoV. Moreover, the proposed IoV-6G+ exhibits lower computational and communication costs as well as energy consumption, along with enhanced security features, when compared to existing authentication frameworks.

中文翻译：

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IoV-6G+：6G辅助环境下基于区块链的安全车联网数据采集和共享框架


对广泛且无处不在的先进智能交通系统 (ITS) 的需求不断增长，导致传统的车联网 (V2X) 范式演变为车联网 (IoV)。下一代车联网在人、车辆、物联网设备和服务平台之间建立无缝连接，以提高交通效率、道路安全和环境保护，车联网技术取得显着进步，特别是在安全数据交换和用户隐私方面保护。此外，无人机 (UAV) 被设想为可扩展且适应性强的解决方案，可实现全面的车联网服务覆盖。目前车联网的方法主要集中在本地基础设施设置，忽视了缺乏广泛边缘设施的无基础设施车联网的潜力。此外，配备服务器的车辆通过公共渠道传输的数据很容易受到恶意攻击者的拦截和篡改。此外，车辆、物联网设备、旅行者和社交互动生成的大量实时数据给服务器带来了巨大的压力以及延迟问题。为了解决这些安全问题，本研究提出了一种使用区块链和无人机的 6G 辅助智能交通的安全轻量级数据收集和共享框架，称为 IoV-6G+。该过程需要无人机收集信息并将其传输到专用边缘服务器，这些服务器安全地聚合信息并在云服务器上生成交易。 云服务器安全地从边缘服务器收集数据，创建交易，将它们组合成块，然后通过云服务器点对点网络中基于投票的共识方法确认这些块并将其添加到区块链中。此外，我们提出的 IoV-6G+ 的安全分析是使用“非正式和正式（即 Scyther 工具和真实或随机 (RoR) 模型）方法”进行评估的，展示了其在提供安全高效的身份验证机制方面的功效。对于车联网。此外，与现有的身份验证框架相比，所提出的 IoV-6G+ 具有更低的计算和通信成本以及能耗，以及增强的安全功能。