The adverse effects of COVID-19 on labour market outcomes are amplified by and partly attributable to the imposition of extreme mobility restrictions. While gendered disparities in job losses and reduction in working hours are demonstrated in the literature, is an informalization of employment observed, and is this phenomenon likewise gendered? This article analyses the Philippines, a country that imposed one of the world’s longest and strictest lockdowns, and specifically how its imposition affected informal employment. A conceptual and empirical distinction between compositional and survivalist informalization is proffered – the former referring to informality induced by changes in the size and composition of overall employment, and the latter referring to informality induced by the need to work owing to absent sufficient welfare support and precautionary household savings. Examining the regional variation in lockdowns as a quasi-experiment, results demonstrate that extreme lockdowns increased the probability of informal employment among employed women but not among employed men.

中文翻译：

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极端封锁和就业的性别信息化：来自菲律宾的证据

COVID-19 对劳动力市场结果的不利影响因实施极端流动性限制而被放大，部分原因是这种影响。虽然文献表明失业和工作时间减少存在性别差异，但是否观察到就业非正规化，这种现象是否同样存在性别差异？本文分析了菲律宾这个实施了世界上最长、最严格封锁的国家之一，并具体分析了其实施如何影响非正规就业。本文提出了组合型非正规化和生存主义非正规化之间的概念和实证区别——前者是指由总体就业规模和构成的变化引起的非正规性，后者是指由于缺乏足够的福利支持和预防措施而需要工作而引起的非正规性。家庭储蓄。将封锁的地区差异作为准实验进行研究，结果表明，极端封锁增加了就业女性而非就业男性非正规就业的可能性。