Research has demonstrated that features of lexical and lexicogrammatical use are important predictors of productive second language (L2) proficiency (e.g. Kyle et al. 2018). While some features of lexical use have been studied with L2s other than English (e.g. Tracy-Ventura 2017), multivariate lexical and lexicogrammatical approaches in these L2s are rare. In this study, we extend the use of multivariate approaches to L2 Spanish writing. Our learner data included a subset of the CEDEL2 corpus (Lozano 2021), comprised of proficiency scores and 644 descriptive essays written in L2 Spanish by L1 English writers. Correlational analyses were conducted between proficiency scores and indices of lexical diversity (e.g. MTLD), mean word and bigram frequencies, and bigram strength of association (MI, delta). A final regression analysis accounted for 48.3 per cent of the variance in proficiency scores. Following previous L2 English writing research (e.g. Kyle et al. 2018; Monteiro et al. 2020), more proficient L2 Spanish writers tended to use a wider variety of lexical items, more strongly associated word combinations, and lexical items that are less frequent in corpora.

中文翻译：

---

第二西班牙语水平与书面词汇和词汇语法使用特征之间的关系

研究表明，词汇和词汇语法使用的特征是第二语言（L2）熟练程度的重要预测因素（例如 Kyle et al. 2018）。虽然词汇使用的一些特征已经用英语以外的第二语言进行了研究（例如 Tracy-Ventura 2017），但这些第二语言中的多元词汇和词汇语法方法很少见。在这项研究中，我们将多元方法的使用扩展到第二西班牙语写作。我们的学习者数据包括 CEDEL2 语料库 (Lozano 2021) 的子集，其中包括熟练程度分数和由 L1 英语作家用 L2 西班牙语撰写的 644 篇描述性文章。在熟练程度分数和词汇多样性指数（例如MTLD）、平均单词和二元词频率以及二元词关联强度（MI、delta）之间进行相关分析。最终的回归分析解释了熟练程度分数差异的 48.3%。根据之前的二语英语写作研究（例如 Kyle et al. 2018；Monteiro et al. 2020），更熟练的二语西班牙语作家倾向于使用更广泛的词汇项目、关联性更强的单词组合以及在英语中不太常见的词汇项目。语料库。