A long journey to the colon: The role of the small intestine microbiota in intestinal disease,Molecular Microbiology

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A long journey to the colon: The role of the small intestine microbiota in intestinal disease
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15270
Nicolas G Shealy ₁ , Madi Baltagulov ₁ , Mariana X Byndloss _{1,

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Affiliation

The small intestine represents a complex and understudied gut niche with significant implications for human health. Indeed, many infectious and non-infectious diseases center within the small intestine and present similar clinical manifestations to large intestinal disease, complicating non-invasive diagnosis and treatment. One major neglected aspect of small intestinal diseases is the feedback relationship with the resident collection of commensal organisms, the gut microbiota. Studies focused on microbiota–host interactions in the small intestine in the context of infectious and non-infectious diseases are required to identify potential therapeutic targets dissimilar from those used for large bowel diseases. While sparsely populated, the small intestine represents a stringent commensal bacterial microenvironment the host relies upon for nutrient acquisition and protection against invading pathogens (colonization resistance). Indeed, recent evidence suggests that disruptions to host–microbiota interactions in the small intestine impact enteric bacterial pathogenesis and susceptibility to non-infectious enteric diseases. In this review, we focus on the microbiota's impact on small intestine function and the pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. We also discuss gaps in knowledge on the role of commensal microorganisms in proximal GI tract function during health and disease.

中文翻译：

通往结肠的漫长旅程：小肠微生物群在肠道疾病中的作用

小肠代表了一个复杂且未被充分研究的肠道生态位，对人类健康具有重大影响。事实上，许多感染性和非感染性疾病集中在小肠内，并表现出与大肠疾病相似的临床表现，使非侵入性诊断和治疗复杂化。小肠疾病的一个主要被忽视的方面是与共生生物群（肠道微生物群）的反馈关系。需要研究在感染性和非感染性疾病背景下小肠中的微生物群-宿主相互作用，以确定与用于大肠疾病不同的潜在治疗靶点。虽然人口稀少，但小肠代表了宿主获取营养和保护免受入侵病原体（定植抗性）的严格共生细菌微环境。事实上，最近的证据表明，小肠中宿主-微生物群相互作用的破坏会影响肠道细菌的发病机制和对非感染性肠道疾病的易感性。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注微生物群对小肠功能的影响以及胃肠道（GI）感染性和非感染性疾病的发病机制。我们还讨论了关于共生微生物在健康和疾病期间近端胃肠道功能中的作用的知识空白。

更新日期：2024-05-01

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