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The galaxy group merger origin of the Cloverleaf odd radio circle system
Astronomy & Astrophysics ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 , DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202449900
E. Bulbul , X. Zhang , M. Kluge , M. Bruggen , B. Koribalski , A. Liu , E. Artis , Y.E. Bahar , F. Balzer , C. Garrel , V. Ghirardini , N. Malavasi , A. Merloni , K. Nandra , M.E. Ramos-Ceja , J.S. Sanders , S. Zelmer

Odd radio circles (ORCs) are a newly discovered class of extended faint radio sources of unknown origin. We report the first detection of diffuse X-ray gas at the location of a low-redshift ORC (z = 0.046) known as Cloverleaf ORC. This observation was performed with the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope. The physical extent of the diffuse X-ray emission corresponds to a region of approximately 230 kpc by 160 kpc, lying perpendicular to the radio emission detected by ASKAP. The X-ray spectrum shows characteristics of thermal multiphase gas with temperatures of 1.10 ± 0.08 keV and 0.22 ± 0.01 keV and a central density of (4.9 ± 0.6)×10−4 cm−3, indicating that the Cloverleaf ORC resides in a low-mass galaxy group. Using X-ray observations, with hydrostatic equilibrium and isothermal assumptions, we measure the galaxy group to have a gas mass and a total mass of (7.7 ± 0.8)×1011M and 2.6 ± 0.3 × 1013M within the overdensity radius R500. The presence of a high-velocity subgroup identified in optical data, the orientation of the brightest cluster galaxy, the disturbed morphologies of galaxies toward the east of the Cloverleaf ORC, and the irregular morphology of the X-ray emission suggest that this system is undergoing a galaxy group merger. The radio power of the ORC could be explained by the shock reacceleration of fossil cosmic rays generated by a previous episode of black hole activity in the central active galactic nucleus.

中文翻译:

三叶草奇射电圆系统的星系团合并起源

奇数射电圈(ORC)是一类新发现的来源不明的扩展微弱射电源。我们报告了在 被称为三叶草 ORC的低红移 ORC ( z = 0.046)位置首次检测到弥漫 X 射线气体。这一观测是用XMM-牛顿X 射线望远镜进行的。漫射 X 射线发射的物理范围对应于大约 230 kpc x 160 kpc 的区域,垂直于 ASKAP 检测到的无线电发射。 X射线谱显示出热多相气体的特征,温度为1.10±0.08 keV和0.22±0.01 keV,中心密度为(4.9±0.6)×10 -4 cm -3 ,表明Cloverleaf ORC处于低热态。 -质量星系团。利用X射线观测,在流体静力平衡和等温假设下,我们测量到该星系群在超密度范围内具有气体质量和总质量(7.7±0.8)×10 11 M 和2.6±0.3×10 13 M 半径R 500 。光学数据中识别出的高速子群的存在、最亮星团星系的方向、三叶草 ORC 东部星系的扰动形态以及 X 射线发射的不规则形态表明该系统正在经历银河集团合并。 ORC的无线电功率可以通过中央活动星系核先前黑洞活动产生的化石宇宙射线的冲击再加速来解释。
更新日期:2024-04-30
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