Reconstructions of quantum theory are a novel research program in theoretical physics which aims to uncover the unique physical features of quantum theory via axiomatization. I focus on Hardy’s “Quantum Theory from Five Reasonable Axioms” (2001), arguing that reconstructions represent a modern usage of axiomatization with significant points of continuity to von Neumann’s axiomatizations in quantum mechanics. In particular, I show that Hardy and von Neumann share similar methodological ordering, have a common operational framing, and insist on the empirical basis of axioms. In the reconstruction programme, interesting points of discontinuity with historical axiomatizations include the stipulation of a generalized space of theories represented by a framework and the stipulation of analytic machinery at two levels of generality (first by establishing a generalized mathematical framework and then by positing specific formulations of axioms). In light of the reconstruction programme, I show that we should understand axiomatization attempts as being context–dependent, context which is contingent upon the goals of inquiry and the maturity of both mathematical formalism and theoretical underpinnings within the area of inquiry. Drawing on Mitsch (2022)’s account of axiomatization, I conclude that reconstructions should best be understood as provisional, practical, representations of quantum theory that are well suited for theory development and exploration. However, I propose my context–dependent re–framing of axiomatization as a means of enriching Mitsch’s account.

量子理论的重构是理论物理学中的一个新颖的研究项目，旨在通过公理化揭示量子理论独特的物理特征。我重点关注哈代的“来自五个合理公理的量子理论”（2001），认为重构代表了公理化的现代用法，与冯·诺依曼在量子力学中的公理化具有重要的连续性。特别是，我表明哈代和冯·诺依曼具有相似的方法论顺序，具有共同的操作框架，并且坚持公理的经验基础。在重建方案中，与历史公理化不连续的有趣点包括对由框架代表的理论的广义空间的规定以及在两个普遍性层面上对分析机制的规定（首先通过建立广义数学框架，然后通过提出具体的公式）的公理）。根据重建计划，我表明我们应该将公理化尝试理解为依赖于语境的，语境取决于探究的目标以及探究领域内数学形式主义和理论基础的成熟度。借鉴 Mitsch (2022) 对公理化的描述，我得出的结论是，重建最好被理解为量子理论的临时、实用的表示，非常适合理论发展和探索。然而，我建议根据上下文重新构建公理化，作为丰富米奇的解释的一种手段。