The Yellowstone region (western United States) is a commonly cited example of intraplate volcanism whose origin has been a topic of debate for several decades. Recent work has suggested that a deep mantle plume, rooted beneath southern California, is the source of Yellowstone volcanism. Seismic anisotropy, which typically results from deformation, can be used to identify and characterize mantle flow. Here, we show that the proposed plume root location at the base of the mantle is strongly seismically anisotropic. This finding is complemented by geodynamic modeling results showing upwelling flow and high strains in the lowermost mantle beneath the Yellowstone region. Our results support the idea that the Yellowstone volcanism is caused by a plume rooted in the deepest mantle beneath southern California, connecting dynamics in the deepest mantle with phenomena at Earth's surface.

中文翻译：

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黄石地幔柱根部的上升流导致强烈的地震各向异性

黄石地区（美国西部）是板内火山活动的一个经常被引用的例子，其起源几十年来一直是争论的话题。最近的研究表明，根植于南加州下方的深层地幔柱是黄石火山活动的根源。地震各向异性通常由变形引起，可用于识别和表征地幔流。在这里，我们表明，所提出的地幔底部的羽流根部位置具有强烈的地震各向异性。这一发现得到了地球动力学模拟结果的补充，显示黄石地区下方最低地幔中的上升流和高应变。我们的研究结果支持这样的观点，即黄石火山活动是由根植于南加州最深处地幔的羽流引起的，将最深处地幔的动力学与地球表面的现象联系起来。