A review on the nexus of autophagy genes from the perspective of polycystic ovary syndrome,Small Methods

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A review on the nexus of autophagy genes from the perspective of polycystic ovary syndrome
Small Methods ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-04-28 , DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300069
Arifa Khatun ₁ , Taslima Nasrin ₁ , Md Samim Hassan ₁ , Mehboob Hoque ₂ , Muddasarul Hoda ₃ , Safdar Ali ₁

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Polycystic ovary syndrome or PCOS is an endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It is a diversified multi factorial disorder and diagnosis is very complicated because of its overlapping symptoms some of which are irregular menstrual cycle, acne in face, excess level of androgen (AE), insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, mood disorder and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). PCOS may be caused by hormonal imbalance, genetic and epigenetic vulnerability, hypothalamic and ovarian troubles. PCOS is essentially hyperandrogenimia with oligo-anovulation. This review explains the abnormal regulation of autophagy related genes and proteins in different cells at various stages which leads to the genesis of PCOS. During nutrient starvation cells face stress condition, which it tries to overcome by activating its macroautophagy mechanism and by degrading the cytoplasmic material. This provides energy to the cell facilitating its survival. Downregulation of autophagy related genes in endometria has been observed in PCOS women. PCOS can be managed by maintaining proper lifestyle and medical treatment. Healthy meals and regular exercise can prevent the excessive weight and also reduce the PCOS complications. Medicines such as metformin, clomiphene, and the oral contraceptive pill can also balance the hormonal level. The imbalance in regulation of autophagy genes has been discussed with correlation to PCOS. The different management strategies for PCOS have also been summarized.

中文翻译：

多囊卵巢综合征视角下自噬基因关系研究进展

多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）是育龄妇女的一种内分泌疾病。它是一种多元化的多因素疾病，诊断非常复杂，因为其症状重叠，其中包括月经周期不规律、面部痤疮、雄激素水平过高(AE)、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖、心血管疾病、情绪障碍和2型糖尿病（T2DM）。多囊卵巢综合症可能是由荷尔蒙失衡、遗传和表观遗传脆弱性、下丘脑和卵巢问题引起的。 PCOS 本质上是高雄激素血症伴少排卵。本文阐述了不同细胞在不同阶段自噬相关基因和蛋白的异常调控导致PCOS的发生。在营养饥饿期间，细胞面临应激状态，它试图通过激活其巨自噬机制和降解细胞质物质来克服这种应激状态。这为细胞提供了促进其生存的能量。在 PCOS 女性中观察到子宫内膜中自噬相关基因的下调。多囊卵巢综合症可以通过保持适当的生活方式和药物治疗来控制。健康饮食和定期锻炼可以防止体重过重，并减少多囊卵巢综合症并发症。二甲双胍、克罗米芬和口服避孕药等药物也可以平衡荷尔蒙水平。自噬基因调节失衡与 PCOS 的相关性已被讨论。还总结了 PCOS 的不同管理策略。

更新日期：2024-04-28

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