We report a review examining the psychological wellbeing of parents of children with Down syndrome (DS) relative to that of parents of typically developing (TD) children. A systematic search identified 57 relevant studies, which were synthesised meta-analytically. Relative to their counterparts with TD children, mothers and fathers of children with DS reported higher levels of parenting stress (mothers: 0.57, 95% CI [0.33, 0.81]; fathers: 0.40, [0.24, 0.56]), depressive symptoms (mothers: 0.42, [0.23, 0.61]; fathers: 0.25, [0.02, 0.48]) and psychological distress (mothers: 0.45, [0.30, 0.60]; fathers: 0.63, [0.26, 0.99]). Small effects were found for anxiety for mothers ( 0.16, [0.03, 0.29]), with no differences for fathers ( 0.03, [−0.25, 0.32]). No group differences were found for positive impact of parenting (mothers: −0.09, [−0.25, 0.07]; fathers: −0.04, [−0.30, 0.22]), while evidence concerning other positive wellbeing outcomes was limited. No significant moderating effects of child age range, country income level, or group differences in parental education level were identified, but limited subgroup analyses were possible. Raising a child with DS may be associated with elevated stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological distress for mothers and fathers. However, levels of parenting reward appear equivalent to those experienced by parents raising TD children.

中文翻译：

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唐氏综合症儿童父母的心理健康：系统评价和荟萃分析


我们报告了一项审查，检查唐氏综合症（DS）儿童的父母相对于正常发育（TD）儿童的父母的心理健康状况。系统检索确定了 57 项相关研究，并通过荟萃分析进行综合。相对于 TD 儿童的同行，患有 DS 儿童的母亲和父亲报告的养育压力水平更高（母亲：0.57，95% CI [0.33，0.81]；父亲：0.40，[0.24，0.56]），抑郁症状（母亲：0.42，[0.23，0.61]；父亲：0.25，[0.02，0.48]）和心理困扰（母亲：0.45，[0.30，0.60]；父亲：0.63，[0.26，0.99]）。母亲的焦虑影响较小（0.16，[0.03，0.29]），而父亲的焦虑没有差异（0.03，[−0.25，0.32]）。养育的积极影响没有发现群体差异（母亲：-0.09，[-0.25，0.07]；父亲：-0.04，[-0.30，0.22]），而有关其他积极幸福结果的证据有限。儿童年龄范围、国家收入水平或父母教育水平的群体差异没有发现显着的调节作用，但可以进行有限的亚组分析。抚养患有 DS 的孩子可能会导致父母的压力升高、抑郁症状和心理困扰。然而，养育奖励的水平似乎与抚养 TD 孩子的父母所经历的水平相当。