Bilinguals activate both of their languages as they process written words, regardless of modality (spoken or signed); these effects have primarily been documented in single word reading paradigms. We used eye-tracking to determine whether deaf bilingual readers (n = 23) activate American Sign Language (ASL) translations as they read English sentences. Sentences contained a target word and one of the two possible prime words: a related prime which shared phonological parameters (location, handshape or movement) with the target when translated into ASL or an unrelated prime. The results revealed that first fixation durations and gaze durations (early processing measures) were shorter when target words were preceded by ASL-related primes, but prime condition did not impact later processing measures (e.g., regressions). Further, less-skilled readers showed a larger ASL co-activation effect. Together, the results indicate that ASL co-activation impacts early lexical access and can facilitate reading, particularly for less-skilled deaf readers.

中文翻译：

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聋哑读者阅读句子时 ASL 信号的激活：来自眼球追踪的证据

双语者在处理书面文字时会激活两种语言，无论形式如何（口语或手语）；这些影响主要记录在单字阅读范式中。我们使用眼球追踪来确定聋哑双语读者是否（n= 23) 在他们阅读英语句子时激活美国手语 (ASL) 翻译。句子包含一个目标词和两个可能的素数之一：翻译成 ASL 时与目标共享语音参数（位置、手形或运动）的相关素数或不相关的素数。结果显示，当目标词前面有 ASL 相关的素数时，首次注视持续时间和凝视持续时间（早期处理测量）会更短，但素数条件不会影响后来的处理测量（例如回归）。此外，技能较低的读者表现出更大的 ASL 共激活效应。总之，结果表明 ASL 共同激活会影响早期词汇的获取，并可以促进阅读，特别是对于技能较差的聋哑读者而言。