This article studies the notion of Sumak Kawsay as an Indigenous way of life and political project informing the normative fundament of the plurinational state of Ecuador. How does Sumak Kawsay shape the relationship between bio-based practices in Kichwa territories of Ecuador and the country's emerging bioeconomy policy? To address this question we study the production of two culturally meaningful products with an agroforestry base in two Kichwa territories. We find that Andean and Amazonian communities draw diversely on the principles of Sumak Kawsay to enhance bio-based systems of production combining ancestral knowledges and semi-industrial technologies. The latter are grounded in harmony-oriented values including economic goals, political visibility, and community-led practices. In the case of Chicha de Jora, bio-based production is linked with food sovereignty and women's political agency. In the case of Guayusa, the export of tea relates to Indigenous peoples' right to assert greater economic visibility in the Ecuadorian Amazon. This shows that neither modern/Western technologies and bioeconomy concepts, nor profits and markets per se collide automatically with ancestral knowledges and bio-based practices in Indigenous territories. In the plurinational state of Ecuador, therefore, it is imperative that the country's bioeconomy policy is guided by these principles and experiences. This implies the move from a (top-down) state-driven towards a (bottom-up) transcultural approach to bioeconomy governance within the Earth's biophysical limits.

中文翻译：

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多民族国家的跨文化生物经济治理：厄瓜多尔两个基楚瓦地区的 Sumak Kawsay 和生物基生产

本文研究了 Sumak Kawsay 作为土著生活方式和政治项目的概念，为厄瓜多尔多民族国家的规范基础提供了信息。 Sumak Kawsay 如何塑造厄瓜多尔基楚瓦地区生物基实践与该国新兴生物经济政策之间的关系？为了解决这个问题，我们研究了两种具有文化意义的产品的生产情况，并在两个 Kichwa 地区建立了农林业基地。我们发现安第斯和亚马逊社区以不同的方式借鉴 Sumak Kawsay 的原则来增强结合祖先知识和半工业技术的生物生产系统。后者以和谐为导向的价值观为基础，包括经济目标、政治知名度和社区主导的实践。就 Chicha de Jora 而言，生物生产与粮食主权和妇女的政治机构联系在一起。就瓜尤萨而言，茶叶出口关系到土著人民在厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区主张更大经济知名度的权利。这表明，无论是现代/西方技术和生物经济概念，还是利润和市场本身，都不会自动与土著领土上的祖传知识和基于生物的实践发生冲突。因此，在厄瓜多尔这个多民族国家，国家的生物经济政策必须以这些原则和经验为指导。这意味着从（自上而下）国家驱动转向（自下而上）跨文化方法，以在地球生物物理限制内进行生物经济治理。