In view of the difficulty in treating Pb(II)-containing mine wastewater and the low adsorption efficiency of adsorbents, a sodium alginate/graphene oxide (SA/GO) gel ball was designed via molecular simulation using graphene oxide (GO) and sodium alginate (SA) as raw materials and Ca as a crosslinking agent. The morphology and structure of the prepared SA/GO gel spheres were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their Pb(II) adsorption properties were studied. Molecular simulation studies showed that strong hydrogen bonding occurs between SA/GO and Ca. At a CaCl concentration of 5 wt%, the shear modulus reached 2.4199, indicating that the SA/GO gel balls had good mechanical strength. An SA/GO gel ball was prepared based on the optimal formula. The adsorption exploration experiment showed that when the temperature was 35 °C, the dosage of the gel ball was 0.02 g, and the adsorption time was 24 h, it had good adsorption performance. Isothermal adsorption analysis showed that at 25,35, and 45 °C, the equilibrium adsorption capacities are 418.41 mg/g, 366.30 mg/g, and 400.00 mg/g, respectively and Pb(II) adsorption using the SA/GO gel balls followed the Langmuir isothermal model, and the adsorption kinetics were quasi-second-order. XPS and EDS studies shown that Pb(II) was successfully adsorbed through complexation, ion exchange and hydroxy-carboxyl functional group reaction. The recovery experiment showed that after four adsorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of SA/GO decreased from 202.56 mg/g to 188.65 mg/g, indicating that SA/GO has a certain degree of recyclability.

中文翻译：

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海藻酸钠/氧化石墨烯（SA/GO）凝胶球用于含铅矿山废水处理：分子设计和铅（II）吸附特性

针对含Pb(II)矿山废水处理难度大、吸附剂吸附效率低等问题，利用氧化石墨烯(GO)和海藻酸钠，通过分子模拟设计了海藻酸钠/氧化石墨烯(SA/GO)凝胶球。 (SA)为原料，Ca为交联剂。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）对所制备的SA/GO凝胶球的形貌和结构进行表征，并研究其Pb(II)吸附性能。分子模拟研究表明SA/GO 和Ca 之间存在强氢键。当CaCl浓度为5 wt%时，剪切模量达到2.4199，表明SA/GO凝胶球具有良好的机械强度。根据最佳配方制备了SA/GO凝胶球。吸附探索实验表明，当温度为35℃、凝胶球用量为0.02 g、吸附时间为24 h时，具有良好的吸附性能。等温吸附分析表明，在25、35和45℃下，SA/GO凝胶球的平衡吸附容量分别为418.41 mg/g、366.30 mg/g和400.00 mg/g，对Pb(II)的吸附遵循Langmuir等温模型，吸附动力学为准二阶。 XPS和EDS研究表明，通过络合、离子交换和羟基-羧基官能团反应成功吸附了Pb(II)。回收实验表明，经过4次吸附循环后，SA/GO的吸附容量从202.56 mg/g下降至188.65 mg/g，表明SA/GO具有一定的可回收性。